Yangjiabu's wooden version of the New Year painting, high dense gray year painting, high dense paper -cutting. The annual painting of Yangjiabu Wooden Edition has risen in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. During the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, Yangjiabu once appeared in the prosperous scene of "hundreds of paintings, thousands of paintings, and tens of thousands of paintings". In addition to meeting local people's needs, it is also exported to Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Northeast provinces and Inner Mongolia. Entering the autumn, various painters gathered, the streets are on both sides of the street, and the new year paintings are full of the streets. Every year, there are more than 5,000 merchants who come to buy paintings. The New Year painting is an ancient painting in folk New Year painting, also known as "folk freehand painting". Seeing in the Ming Dynasty, prevailing in the Qing Dynasty, it has a history of 500 years. Judging from the existing information, only Gao Mi is preserved in the country with this annual painting, which is mainly produced in more than 30 villages in Jiangzhuang and Xiazhuang in Gaomi City. In 1993, Gao Mi was rated as "the hometown of Chinese folk (paper -cut) art". In 1997, the national zodiac stamp pattern was selected from high -secret folk paper -cutting.
1. Yangjiabu wood version of the New Year painting
Yangjiabu Village is 15 kilometers northeast of Weifang City. Yangjiabu Wooden Edition New Year Painting, with Tianjin Yangliu Qing and Suzhou Taohuawu, also known as the three major wooden Chinese paintings in China.
The annual painting of Yangjiabu wooden version of the year has risen in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. During the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, Yangjiabu once appeared in the prosperous scene of "hundreds of paintings, thousands of paintings, and tens of thousands of paintings". In addition to meeting local people's needs, it was also exported to Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Henan, and Henan, and Henan, and Henan. Hebei, northeast provinces, Inner Mongolia and other places. Entering the autumn, various painters gathered, the streets are on both sides of the street, and the new year paintings are full of the streets. Every year, there are more than 5,000 merchants who come to buy paintings.
The New Year Painting of Yangjiabu -Menchen Yangjiabu New Year Painting has a variety of performances, mainly including 6 categories, namely the new year, marriage, farming busy, etc. Categories, such as door gods, wealth gods, Shouxing, stove king and other legendary allusions such as Bao Gong, three patterns, eight immortals, etc., punching arts, promoting pictures and other entertainment satirical categories, Sanyang Kaitai, Kaiji, four seasons, flowers and birds Xiangpiao flower landscape. Festive auspiciousness is the theme of Yangjiabu New Year's paintings. Auspicious Ruyi, Happy New Year, Congratulations to Fortune, and more than every year, constitute the characteristics of the peasants' peace and joy, and hope for wealth and peace.
This of the wood version of Yangjiabu Wooden Edition is planted in the people, and has formed distinctive artistic characteristics for a long time. In terms of expression methods, the theme is reflected through summary, symbols, meaning and romantic techniques. The composition is complete, full, and well -well, exaggerated, rough, simple, simple, straight and smooth, colorful and hot, strong, decorative and rich in life, which fully reflects the rough, unrestrained, bold, hardworking, hardworking, hardworking, hardworking, hardworking, hard work, hard work, hard work, The characteristics of humor, love and hate.
The Yangjiabu New Year painting production process is also unique. It is manually operated and made in traditional ways. The artist first painted the willow branches charcoal strip and fragrant gray, called the "rotten manuscript", and then completed the draft on the basis of the rotten manuscript. After coloring, paper clipping, redemption, processing of running, etc., it is hand -printed. After the annual painting is printed, it is necessary to make a brief depiction of various colors on hand. The annual painting production is divided into paintings, carving, printing, mounting and other processes, and each process is extremely precise and accurate.
The New Year painting of Yangjiabu Wooden Edition is famous for its strong rustic atmosphere and simple artistic style. In 2002, the 76 -year -old folk artist Yang Luoshu was awarded the honorary title of "Master of Folk Arts and Crafts" by UNESCO. In 2006, he was selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in China.
2. High density gray year painting
This gray New Year painting is an ancient painting in folk New Year painting, also known as "folk freehand painting". Seeing in the Ming Dynasty, prevailing in the Qing Dynasty, it has a history of 500 years. Judging from the existing information, only Gao Mi is preserved in the country with this annual painting, which is mainly produced in more than 30 villages in Jiangzhuang and Xiazhuang in Gaomi City.
The so -called fluttering ash, that is, burn ash with willow branches, draw lines as the bottom version, and copy multiple photos at a time. The artist followed the printed manuscript, hands, hands, coloring, drawing, hooking, and finally applying bright oil on key parts. The color of the gray New Year's picture is clear, the composition is clever and generous, and the full range of contrasting color is used. The main part is added with intermediate color. The gray year painting technique is unique, the color of the color, the lines are bold and smooth, the writing is strong, and the style is clear. It is an ancient production method before the engraving.
The early gray year paintings are mainly ink and ink, and gradually developed from the Daoguang year of the Qing Dynasty to the color generation ink, and tended to be gorgeous. At first, the subject matter was the king of the stove and the god of wealth. Later, it was transferred to the various annual paintings used to set up beautifying rooms. The content revolved around Chinese traditional customs. The New Year's paintings that show Fulu Shouxi, with old -fashioned canes on the screen, holding Da Shou Tao, Football, or Riding Xianlu's old Shoushou Star, and there are ancient pine and cranes, with couplets on both sides; Representative is the "Twenty -Four Filial Pictures".
The content of the gray New Year painting is mostly festive, which is very suitable for public festivals. Such as "Gossip", "Kicks", "Rich and Putty", "Eight Xianqing Shou", "Cowherd Weaver Girl", "Fu Shou Shuangquan", "Double Tong Xian Shou", "Four Seasons Flower Screen", and "Jiatang" and other masterpieces. The main genre is the middle hall, the screen, the couplet, the side of the window, the stove painting, the hoe painting, the worship painting, the calendar, etc. According to the subject matter, the main themes are worshipers, the gods and military wealth, the eight immortals, the auspicious festive festiveness, the story of the story, the historical allusions, the landscape flowers, the landscape flower , Historical figures, etc., can be called the microcosm of rural social life and the Grand View Garden of Folklore Life.
3. High dense paper cutting
The high -density paper -cutting has a long history. As early as 5,000 years ago, the thriving period of the totem art of the clan society, the objects in the totem art began to show the apartment in the form of patterns, and the concise and exaggerated sawtooth patterns, crescent patterns, water wave patterns, arc lines, string lines, dots, dots, dots, and dots Wait for expression. After the Han Dynasty, especially in the early years of Ming Hongwu, a large number of immigrants gathered high secrets from Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Jiangnan and other places. Art style.
The high -density paper -cutting, wide theme, flowers, insects, birds, beasts and characters can be cut. Most of the things cut things are based on folklore, living customs, mythical stories and opera stories. Most of the writers of paper -cutting are folk women. The works are not restricted to the law. They are rough and beautiful, and they are delicate and delicate, reflecting the unique national aesthetics. The artistic unity is used in art. The block and line form black, white, and gray tones. The contrast is strong and full of rhythm; The use of yin -scissors and yang scissors, cleverly use black blocks and thin lines to make the sawtoothing pattern and smooth surface, there are regular rules and unrestrained, cut out the rough, delicate, simple but beautiful, vivid and vivid artistic effects.
Themightly paper -cutting focuses on exaggeration in the image portrayal, and does not fail to do it. For example, "the birth of the overlord", the fierce tiger is a image of motherly love. The tiger hid in his mother's chest sensiblely, smiling and sucking milk. The style of high -cut paper cows is very different. It cleverly uses brick pattern to decorate the mouth of the cattle, and then use a large and small vortex wind pattern to form a strong contrast between moving and quiet hair with neat sawtooth hair. The anthropomorphic method is amazing.
. In 1993, Gao Mi was rated as "the hometown of Chinese folk (paper -cut) art". In 1997, the national zodiac stamp pattern was selected from high -secret folk paper -cutting.
. "Bald Tail Lao Li" legend
"Bald Tail Old Li" folk story is widely circulated in Shandong people. In June of the lunar calendar, the name of "Bald Tail Lao Li" often mentioned that when it encounters hail weather, people even "throw kitchen knives to drive dragons" in the patio courtyard. "Legend is related.
The text records similar to the story now, see Yuan Mei's "Ziyu" in Yuan Mei in the Qing Dynasty: "Bi Family, Wendeng County, Shandong. Chicken eggs. It is different, thinking that there should not be Lee in the twilight spring, eating and eating, sweet and abnormal. Since then, the belly is fist, and there is a pregnancy. . By the morning, they must drink their mother's breasts.
This in the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Shandong people broke into the east, and the story of the bald tail Lao Li combined with the local customs of the Northeast to develop new plots and content. After the little black dragon was cut off his tail, he fled to Heilongjiang, Northeast. Heilongjiang was originally a white dragon guard, named Bai Longjiang. After the Little Black Dragon came, with the help of Shandong people in the local "breakthrough", Bai Longjiang was defeated. Bai Longjiang has since renamed Heilongjiang. On the Heilongjiang Fan, the past vessels of Shandong people arrived in Jiangxin, and the bald tail Lao Li sent a large carp. Before the boat opened the ship, the passengers always asked whether there were Shandong people in the passengers. Some people in Shandong were calm. The big carp that jumped on the board, the boatman would hold his hands and shouted to the passengers: "The bald tail Lao Li gave gifts to Shandong fellow!" Then he put it back to the river. If Shandong has a big drought, the bald tail Lao Li will always find a way to give his hometown clouds.
The temples built to commemorate "bald tails" in all parts of Shandong. The earliest existing Dragon King Temple was not far east of Jimo County. People are used to seeking rain here, and it is said that it is quite spiritual. To this day, the token of rain in the Ming and Qing dynasties is still preserved.
Platin Lao Li is a filial son, and the folk has the saying "dragon is not separated from the mother". Therefore, there is often a "Dragon Mother Grave" near the Dragon King Temple. Or "Longmu Temple Fair". There are many customs of the folk "bald tail Lao Li". For example, it is said that June 6th, the lunar calendar is the birthday of "Bald Tail Lao Li". On this day, the family wants to leave him at home. Once the sun, it later evolved into a folk drying day.
The legend of the bald tail Lao Li series is the true reflection of the Shandong people in history, and it also reflects the characteristics of local public art.
(2) Folk music
1. Liao Zhai Slange
In the early Qing Dynasty, the unique local song created by Pu Songling, a literaryist Pu Songling, was mainly in Zibo City. Pu Songling made his own singing book with a vulgar song that was circulated at the time to form a unique music literature genre. Because Pu Songling was named "Liao Zhai", it was called "Liao Zhai Slange". song".
riraisy songs include "Playing a Child", "Yu'elang", "Pink Lotus", "Best Broken Bridge" and so on. Pu Songling's creation can be divided into two types, one is rap literature of narrative body, such as "Han Sen Song", "Aunt Music", etc.; "Topo" and so on. Its ideological content can also be divided into two categories, one is politicized, attacking and exposing the darkness of the society at that time; the other is ethical. Through the description of the abnormal relationship between family members, the hypocrisy of feudal ethics and morality is exposed. And ugly. These singing words and Dao Bai are all non -carved folk languages. They have a strong rustic atmosphere, humorous and humorous, spicy and refreshing, and have strong appeal. Whether in literature and music, it has extremely high value.
rosus vividly reflects the lives of people in the late feudal era. It has been circulating in contemporary society for a long time, becoming a unique form of mass art in Shandong. Since the fifteenth day of the first month of the Qing Dynasty, the villagers in Pujiazhuang have used the fragments of the song as the "play" singing lyrics, and some are also dressed as the monsters, two monsters, king silverrs, and Wang Yinmi, and Xiangu, Fox Jing, etc., performed in urban areas, towns and towns. As for Pu Songling, "playing children", "Yeah, oil", "Yu'elang", "Crying Huangtian" and other commonly used songs such as the songs, such as the roads, streets and streets, are even more young and old. In the winter of 1998, the Ci Village Town and Zicheng Town Quanlong Village set up a drama troupe, rehearsing the drama, and created modern Liao Zhai Louqu opera. In 2002, Liao Zhai Lingqu opera was also filmed as a real -life TV opera film on the TV station. Liao Zhai Louqu also influenced the development of other sister art based on unique charm. Taking opera as an example, the storytels of the story are the five -tone opera, Liu Zi, Sichuan opera, Peking Opera, Qinqiang, Hebei Xunzi, etc.
The 15 types of existing Liao Zhai Slangjiao manuscripts (formerly losing), all of which have been organized and published. In 2006, it was known as the Liao Zhai Music, which was known as the fossils of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.
The southwestern Lu
Shandong advocating music is widely distributed, southwestern Lujiao music is one of the most important and representative part, which is a kind of suona as the main Playing the folk art form of musical instruments. It is a typical representative of Jiaxiang advocating music. It is mainly distributed in Jining, Zaozhuang, Heze, and surrounding areas. It mainly depends on folk activities such as festival celebrations, marriage and funerals.
The historical revolution of advocating music in the southwest of Lun can be traced back to more than 300 years ago. In addition, according to the songs often performed in the southwest of Lune (Suona, the Master of the Skin), some are miscellaneous dramas since the Song and Yuan Dynasty, such as "Mixed River Dragon" and "Ganxion", which are a large number of Ming The small songs and brands circulating during the Qing Dynasty, such as "Mountain Step", "Lock South Branches", "One River Wind", "Tomorrow", "Bridge Bridge", "Tea Picking" and so on. Therefore, southwestern Luneng was spreading in the local area as early as the Ming Dynasty.
In long -term inheritance practice, southwestern Luneng advocated music to form a rich track family, diverse category systems, superb performance skills, hundreds of folk music classes and thousands of. Drum music. Representative tracks include "Hundred Birds and Characters", "Six Characters Opening Door", "One Flower", "Big Unit", "Wind Wind Snow", "Lift the Flower Cars", etc. The performers include Tongxiang, Jia Ruiqi, Yuan Ziwen, Wei Yongtang, etc.; The representative music class only has the "Yang family class" represented by Yang Xingyun. ", The sound is pure, soft and sweet; the" Renjia class "represented by Ren Tongxiang, the sound is bright and the feelings are delicate; The "Jia family class" represented by the representative, the sound is crispy and turbulent.
The southwestern Lujiao has unique music style, rustic and bold, high -pitched, and has high artistic value. In 1996, Jiaxiang County was named "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art (Suona)" by the Ministry of Culture.
(3) Traditional drama 1. Liu Zi Opera
Liu Zi opera, also known as Xianzi opera, one of the ancient dramas in Shandong, is passed down in the area of the Central Plains since Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasty The folk customs are small, and some dramas and vocals of the vocal cavity such as high cavity, Qingyang, chaos, Kunqiang, Luoluo, and reed in the high cavity are gradually developed. Because there is a Liu Zi tone in the song, it is named Liu Zica. It is popular in the vast area of Shandong, Henan, northern Jiangsu, southern Hebei, and northern Anhui. The Liuzi opera in Qufu, Tai'an, Linyi, Yixian, and Yinan, east of the canal, is accustomed to called "string drama"; north of the Yellow River is called "North (Hundred) Tuzi" and "Bran Nest"; It is called "blowing the cavity" in Linqingzhongzhuang. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Zi was referred to as "Nankun, Beiyi, Dongliu, and Xizheng" with the Kunqiang, Puyang cavity, and Xunzi cavity.
Liu Zi opera is mainly composed of two parts: vulgar and Liuzi. The vulgarites are large. There are more than 100 existing signs. The tunes are generally divided into more. , Turning up, etc. The vulgar song is accompanied by Musician, Hengsheng, Sheng and other musical instruments. When singing, you can use the "narrative" method to insert a large seven -character sentence or cross sentence in a long short sentence. The music style is euphemistic and can express complex and delicate psychological emotions. Liu Zi is a plate -type change body, singing in popular seven -character sentences. The accompaniment instruments are mainly bamboo flutes, Sheng, and Sanxian. Some people use "nine cavity and eighteen tune seventy -two cough" to describe the colorfulness of Liu Zi's drama tone. Liu Zica has the characteristics of the rough and bold sound of the north, and the regional color is very obvious.
The traditional repertoires in Liu Zi's drama have more than two hundred traditional repertoires. Its representative repertoires include "Sun Anyou Ben", "Zhang Fei Chuangguan", "White Rabbit", "Golden Lock", "Golden Locks", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Locks", "Golden Lock", and "Yan Qing Playing", "Blocking to the State", "Show Land", "Saw Great Tank" and so on. Liu Zica's traditional foot color rows are divided into four lives, four dan, four flowers, and three major heads and twelve lines.
The formation and development of Liu Zi opera has accommodated various ancient voices that have been prevailing since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The research of Sanqu has an irreplaceable important value. Compared with other dramas, Liu Zica can best represent the characteristics of local drama in Shandong, and it is more representative of folk culture.
2. Liuqin opera
Liuqin opera is a local drama in Lunan area. Because of its excellent tune, the tail sound is high or helped when singing, so it is commonly known as the piercing cavity. During the Jiaqing and Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty, it was mainly distributed in the borders of Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, and Henan Province. In 1953, it was officially named Liuqin Opera.
The singing of Liuqin's drama is mainly based on the recruitment and palace adjustment. In Liuqin opera singing, this method of conversion of the main tone is ubiquitous, and it looks unique in Chinese opera singing. Liuqin's singing cavity tunes include boarding, guidance, pulling the cavity, cavity, leaf hidden flowers, Huilong tunes, four -six long cavity, men's and women's pull cavity, stacked bridge, playing cards, Miss Qianjin entered the garden, etc. Its plates can be roughly divided into slow boards, two -line boards, numbers, tight boards, and five -character tight boards. Liu Yeqin, Flute, Fluttering, Erhu, Banhu, Suona, Sheng and Ban Drum, Gong Gong are the main accompaniment instruments of Liuqin.
Liuqin's foot color has its own special name. In small heads, two heads, two -foot beams, old men, old abduction, big raw, hook feet, hairy legs, treacherous white face and other lines, small The head is the boudoir, the two heads are Tsing Yi, the two -legged beam is Tsing Yi and Huadan, the old man is the old dan, the old turbulence is the color, the old is old, the feet are ugly, the hair leg is the face, and the white face is white. Liu Qin's performance is rough and simple, the rhythm is bright, and the local atmosphere is strong. In addition to the changes in slow plates, two -line boards, and tight boards, the singing section has a certain program header head.
Liuqin's traditional drama is rich in traditional dramas. It is mostly based on historical stories and folklore. There are 180 plays and folding dramas. "Flowers", "Fish Basketball", "Broken Double Nail", "Xiao Ao Mountain", "Yanmen Pass", "White Luo Shirt", "Drink Facial Leaf", "Small Study Room" and so on.
3. Five sound dramas
The five -tone drama originated from Zhangqiu and Licheng in Shandong, about 100 years of history. Different areas are divided into east, west, and north roads, and Zhangqiu as the center is called West Road (west to Jinan, east to Zibo), Lintong and Yiyuan areas are East Road, and Huifa and Jiyang areas are North Road. Its development, development, and shape have generally gone through three periods: Yangge, five -person classes, and five -tone dramas. It is a rare type of drama in northern my country.
Couples of five -tone drama, strong life, rich vocabulary, and the characteristics of folk verbal literature. It is characterized by spitting first, then the cavity, the bite is clear, the tune oral language, and the melody changes. When singing, basically use this throat. Initially, the performance of the five -tone drama was mainly based on the second small (small dan, the little student), the three small (small, the little student, the little student, the clown) drama, and the non -essay accompaniment. The repertoire is also richer.
The traditional repertoire of the five -tone play is more than 160. There are mainly "Wang Xiaoshan's Foot", "Er Sister Wang", "Touring Mozi", "Book of Colorful Houses", "Wang Dingbao Borrow", "Wall Head", "Wang Linxiu's Wife", "Wang Po Say Media", " Sister Zhang Fang Fan, Songlin Club, "Duke's Top Mouth" and so on.
In the history of the five -tone drama, many famous actors have been produced. Li Dexing (art name and pillar) are famous for their singing; Gao Guifang is famous for his singing; Wang Huankui (art name is self -honored) is well -known for his performance; Deng Hongshan is a good name for singing. Li, Gao, Wang, and Deng are known as the four famous famous Dan, especially Deng Hongshan, as a collection of the "Five Sound Opera" performances. "Human tears", its skills such as "eyebrows", "giving eyes", and "flying old" can be called opera performances. In the 1930s, Deng Hongshan went to Shanghai Ebai to make records. Because of his beautiful singing cavity, the record company presented the banner of "five sounds", and the "five -tone drama" was also named.
Mao cavity
Mao cavity is a local opera popular in Weifang, Qingdao, Rizhao and other places. Initially, because of the elbow hanging small drums in the singing, he sang while shooting. The name is "elbow drum"; there is also a saying called "elbow stock", indicating that when the actor sings and dances while singing and twisting the hips. Maoqiang has been widely circulated in the Shandong Peninsula during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. During the circulation, it absorbed vocals and forms such as local flower drum Yangge. Because of the "Oh Yhan" at the end of the upper and lower sentences, it has the characteristics of the three words, so it is also called "Oh 嗬 嗬" or "Old Tune". Around 1895, the Northern Jiangsu "Lao Manchu" sang north along Linyi with children, and merged Liuqin's singing vocal to "Ben elbow drum" to form a new singing method of tailing. The "or" beating ", taking its homophonic," Ben elbow drum "gradually became" Mao elbow drum ", and in the 1950s, it was named Maoqiang.
Mao cavity tunes are simple and natural, the cavity is euphemistic, easy to understand, and has a typical northern music characteristics and distinctive local style and local atmosphere. The women's cavity is particularly developed in the cavity, giving people a sense of sadness and sorrow. First, its musical vocals, basically the local rap (old turning) as the backbone, and widely absorbed the tunes such as Jiaozhou Da Yangge, Jiaozhou Octagonal Drum, Xihe Drum, Zhucheng Yangge Tune and other tunes to form a large -scale plate cavity The system, therefore, has the characteristics of local characteristics and the mass foundation, especially the cry in the "Dayou Board" (also known as the sad tone), exactly like the tone of the cry of the local women, and the "tune" is generally over eight degrees on the five sounds. It is refreshing, and the lyrics use dialect slang, easy to understand, witty and interesting. The second is the content of the performances, which are generally taken from local folk life, especially the basic drama "two small dramas" and "three small dramas". Most of these dramas really reflect the lives and desires of rural women, and can most resonate with women.
The traditional repertoire of Maoqiang reflects folk life. Its representatives include "Tokyo", "West Jing", "Nanjing", "Beijing" "Four Beijing" and "Luo Shirt", "Jade Cup", "Kite Ji", "Bee", "Fire Dragon", "Key Ji", "Sili", and "Eight Books".
Muzhou once had a folk song "Mao cavity sings, the cake is pasted on the pot, the hoe is hoeed to the crop, and the flower needle is tied on the finger." It is known as the "flower of Jiaodong".
5. Shandong Xunzi
Shandong Xunzi is one of the older dramas in Shandong local operas. History is mainly popular in Heze, Jining, Tai'an and other places in the southwestern part of Shandong, as well as the vast number of towns and villages in Liaocheng, Linyi and other regions. Due to the different areas of popular areas, the masses are different from them. For example, centered on Heze, Xi is called "Caozhou Xunzi"; centered on Jining and Wenshang, called "Wen Shangzi" or "lower road tuning", which is always called "high -profile", which is different from popular in the southwest of Luban, The "flat tone" in northern Henan and southern Hebei. Shandong Xunzi has a certain blood relationship with Pingzi, Laiwu Xunzi, and the "sand rivers" in northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui, and the relationship with the "Xiangfu Tune" in the East of Henan is even more closely related.
The performance of Shandong Xunzi performances is similar to the ancient drama such as Liu Zi opera. Features.唱腔属于板腔体，板式齐全而有自己的特点和较严的程式规范，常用的有慢板、破字慢板、一句正板、流水板、一鼓二锣、二八板、起板、 Planting plates, flying boards, sheep yellow, pour board, etc. Suona chord music cards are also very rich. According to different plots and characters, use different songs, such as the emperor to use the "emperor", the hundred officials worshiped "the emperor", the marshal sent troops to use the "five horses", the camps were used to use the "falling horse", and the villains were used to travel. "Wang Ba Ling" and so on. In the past, the red -faced and black faces were all used with "big cavity" (that is, the vocal). At first, Dan Jiao also used a big accent, and the tail sound was "chant". At first, the accompaniment instrument was used in string, two -string, and three strings. Later, it was replaced with Banhu and Erhu as the main instrument. In recent years, Sheng, Ruan, Pipa, etc. have been added.
Shandong Xunzi tradition There are many plays. There are often 600 plays in Wen Shang County's Cao Ban. Its pop shows are "four major signs", namely "Mu Guiying Zheng East", "Qin Ying Zheng West", "Yao Gang Zhengnan", " Lei Zhenhai Zhengbei; there are also "Eighteen Books", namely "Spring and Autumn", "Mei Snow", "Thousands of Miles", "Quan Zhongxiao", "Jiangdong" Feng "," Jade Tiger Pendant "," Hundred Flowers "," Old Border Court "," Golden Terrace "," Rich Map "," Dragon Gate Array "," Bergaining Orange "," Double Jade Bracelet "," Tiger Hill Mountain " , "Godci Records", "Malone", etc..
6. ""
"is a hook" And the local drama. Gao Tang Drum Zi Yangge is a kind of folk singing art. The singer's waist and drums, druming and singing accompaniment, and later developed into the stage. At the end of each and lower sentences, the aria must always tremble with false sounds. It usually appears a seven -degree and octa -degree jump, so it is called "hook". The area represents the rap style of the northwest and surrounding areas. The tune is simple and lively. It is a vocal vocal that the local working people naturally show their hearts. Describe it as moving as hooks.
"" has a wide circulation area, with different spreads, and there are various names. , Xiajin, Gao Tang, Ping Ping, Tangyi, Linqing called "Four Sound Opera"; Yixian, Tancheng, and Hebei Pavilion Tao area called "North Ci two string"; String "; Jiyang, Qihe, Yucheng, Linyi, are called" hook ". There are" dug -hearted knives "," Da Baotao "," Thirty -two Altar Vinegar ". Wait for the representative. The southwest is introduced to Anyang, Henan, and the northwest flows into the area of Hebei Jiaohe. Many, mainly "East Qin", "West Qin", "Sitting from the Building and killing", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Hu Lin grabbing relatives", "Three Jinshi", "Women's Horse". N In the founding of New China, Linyi County was established in a hook drama troupe. In many aspects of music singing and accompaniment design, the vocals and signs of other dramas were available for new and new. "Slowly sing" Equation, and at the same time, on the basis of organizing and retaining the excellent drama, many excellent repertoires are transplanted and new.
. blue Guan opera is an ancient high -chari drama that is circulating in the Jiaodong Peninsula and Zhaoyuan and other places, also known as "Nanguan" and He "Face Opera". Lan Guanxian began in the late Ming Dynasty and was in the early Qing Dynasty. The sound characteristics of the Lan Guan opera vocal vocal "misunderstood the rural language" followed and imitated the dramatic vocals of the Puyang cavity of the Chinese opera, absorbing the long -term evolution of Jiaodong folk tunes and other components.
The "gang, playing, and singing" three -in -one is the three pillars of this drama music. The local people have always been "Lan Guan opened the stage, and the mother -in -law ran away the shoes", "to listen to Lan Guan opera, and it was willing to be frozen to death." The repertoires in Lan Guan opera are nearly a hundred, mainly two large -scale dramas, "Journey to the East" and "Journey to the West".
In increasing statistics, there are nearly hundreds of the players in Languan, which are generally divided into two categories, one is based on the large -scale Taiwanese drama adapted from the novel "Journey to the West" in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty. On the other hand, the large -scale drama based on "Dongyou Ji", also known as "Shangdong Baxian Biography".
The saying that there is a "seven -point gang and three -point singing" in Languan tricks. In performance, singing, chanting, doing, and playing all, the characters are living, dan, net, and end. The cavities include the blue pass, the old blue Guanquan, the high cavity, the praise film, the small song, etc. When singing, one person sang everyone to "gang", the actors on the stage sang, and the audience hummed, so they were called "Manchuria". During the accompanying singing process, sometimes the high -pitched pseudo -voice appeared, and sometimes sang with a real voice. Accompaniment does not have orchestra, only percussion instruments, there are "blue pass, blue pass, no hit, you can't sing the blue pass" proverb. When singing "high cavity", a full set of percussion instruments rang; when singing "Sadness", subtract the lingering feelings and set off a low lingering relationship. There are no gongs and drums and no drama. In the "Lan Guan", the lyrics are eight sentences and three paragraphs. This tradition is exactly the same as that of the "Eight Immortal Opera". The traditional nature is evident.
Food characters are a special kind of painting and calligraphy art made from various grain grain particles. It originated from a folk art created by the labor people in the late Qing Dynasty for praying for the bumper harvest of the grain and the peace of the world, and the good life of being able to live a full meal. The advent of food and art characters has filled the gaps in the history of domestic and foreign food culture and art, opened up new factions in the field of calligraphy and painting, and has been praised and favored by people of insight at home and abroad and collectors. His works are exported to countries and regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, etc., especially the calligraphy and poetry of the "hair body", which is even more popular. It has been collected by more than ten units including the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Beijing Folk Customs Museum, the Hong Kong Zhongyi Garden, and the Taiwan Civil Art Society. It can be called a strange work in the history of Chinese and foreign food culture and art. The National Patent Bureau was reviewed and approved as a national intellectual property patent product. The grain art word has high art collection value and is a pure handicraft. As fine as embroidery, each capsule must be just right, so that it can reflect its artistic style. You can use different contents such as celebrity calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, soda, motto, poetry, etc. according to personal preferences. Waiting for a variety of fonts, make a siege and unique artistic work. His works not only have the rough and boldness of the north, but also the delicateness and elegance of the south. It can be described as majestic and superb, and it cannot be reached by other works. If food art characters are actually a very wonderful art. The same draft, different people's effects are absolutely different. Because the size and thickness of each grain are different, and the difference in the direction of the placement, there are no two exactly the same grain calligraphy and painting in the world. The production of its works is all hand -made, from seven processes including granularity to soaking, air -dried (drying), version of the version, writing, anticorrosive (cover), can achieve insect -proof, corrosion, non -fading, and non -deformation for a long time. The emergence of food characters brings a artistic revolution to the whole society. Food represents 900 million farmers in China. Food is our lives and the wealth of farmers. It is used to imitate Mao Zedong calligraphy, ancient celebrity calligraphy and painting, which represented the grain of the farmers' incarnation, which reflects a kind of intimacy to return to the truth and return to nature. different. Its works are widely used in hotels, hotels, enterprises and institutions, and luxury family luxury decorations; they are also the best gifts for weddings, birthday feast collection, and gifts. At present, grain calligraphy and painting have been exported to Europe and the United States. Dozens of countries such as Asia and Hong Kong, Australia, and Taiwan are collected by the Ministry of Culture and Forbidden City. The development prospects of food calligraphy and painting are very broad, and it will definitely become another wonderful art of world culture. The grain art characters, as a special artistic decoration, add color to the human culture and art decoration industry. Administrative organs, public institutions, and conference halls, hanging food calligraphy and painting can fully reflect the public servants' feelings for the people, reminding themselves not to forget the land, putting the people in their hearts, and standing on the largest number of people. And know; "people use food as the sky", the food and calligraphy is created by grains and grains, which is closely related to the culture of food culture. It is full of prosperity, natural, simple and kind, and is unique to the decoration and decoration industry. Fanzhuang and other food industries, hanging food calligraphy and painting, have a unique charm of natural integration, unique and different; people in life need to care for love. As a gift from friends, it can reflect the most innocent, simple and simple, most simple and honest, The most reputable feelings and friendship.
Shandong folk art keeps pace with the times, catch up with the footsteps of young people, the future of weaving traditional culture
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Yangjiabu's wooden version of the New Year painting, high dense gray year painting, high dense paper -cutting.
The annual painting of Yangjiabu Wooden Edition has risen in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. During the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, Yangjiabu once appeared in the prosperous scene of "hundreds of paintings, thousands of paintings, and tens of thousands of paintings".
In addition to meeting local people's needs, it is also exported to Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Northeast provinces and Inner Mongolia. Entering the autumn, various painters gathered, the streets are on both sides of the street, and the new year paintings are full of the streets. Every year, there are more than 5,000 merchants who come to buy paintings.
The New Year painting is an ancient painting in folk New Year painting, also known as "folk freehand painting". Seeing in the Ming Dynasty, prevailing in the Qing Dynasty, it has a history of 500 years. Judging from the existing information, only Gao Mi is preserved in the country with this annual painting, which is mainly produced in more than 30 villages in Jiangzhuang and Xiazhuang in Gaomi City. In 1993, Gao Mi was rated as "the hometown of Chinese folk (paper -cut) art". In 1997, the national zodiac stamp pattern was selected from high -secret folk paper -cutting.
Folk Art
1. Yangjiabu wood version of the New Year painting
Yangjiabu Village is 15 kilometers northeast of Weifang City. Yangjiabu Wooden Edition New Year Painting, with Tianjin Yangliu Qing and Suzhou Taohuawu, also known as the three major wooden Chinese paintings in China.
The annual painting of Yangjiabu wooden version of the year has risen in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. During the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, Yangjiabu once appeared in the prosperous scene of "hundreds of paintings, thousands of paintings, and tens of thousands of paintings". In addition to meeting local people's needs, it was also exported to Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Henan, and Henan, and Henan, and Henan. Hebei, northeast provinces, Inner Mongolia and other places. Entering the autumn, various painters gathered, the streets are on both sides of the street, and the new year paintings are full of the streets. Every year, there are more than 5,000 merchants who come to buy paintings.
The New Year Painting of Yangjiabu -Menchen Yangjiabu New Year Painting has a variety of performances, mainly including 6 categories, namely the new year, marriage, farming busy, etc. Categories, such as door gods, wealth gods, Shouxing, stove king and other legendary allusions such as Bao Gong, three patterns, eight immortals, etc., punching arts, promoting pictures and other entertainment satirical categories, Sanyang Kaitai, Kaiji, four seasons, flowers and birds Xiangpiao flower landscape. Festive auspiciousness is the theme of Yangjiabu New Year's paintings. Auspicious Ruyi, Happy New Year, Congratulations to Fortune, and more than every year, constitute the characteristics of the peasants' peace and joy, and hope for wealth and peace.
This of the wood version of Yangjiabu Wooden Edition is planted in the people, and has formed distinctive artistic characteristics for a long time. In terms of expression methods, the theme is reflected through summary, symbols, meaning and romantic techniques. The composition is complete, full, and well -well, exaggerated, rough, simple, simple, straight and smooth, colorful and hot, strong, decorative and rich in life, which fully reflects the rough, unrestrained, bold, hardworking, hardworking, hardworking, hardworking, hardworking, hard work, hard work, hard work, The characteristics of humor, love and hate.
The Yangjiabu New Year painting production process is also unique. It is manually operated and made in traditional ways. The artist first painted the willow branches charcoal strip and fragrant gray, called the "rotten manuscript", and then completed the draft on the basis of the rotten manuscript. After coloring, paper clipping, redemption, processing of running, etc., it is hand -printed. After the annual painting is printed, it is necessary to make a brief depiction of various colors on hand. The annual painting production is divided into paintings, carving, printing, mounting and other processes, and each process is extremely precise and accurate.
The New Year painting of Yangjiabu Wooden Edition is famous for its strong rustic atmosphere and simple artistic style. In 2002, the 76 -year -old folk artist Yang Luoshu was awarded the honorary title of "Master of Folk Arts and Crafts" by UNESCO. In 2006, he was selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in China.
2. High density gray year painting
This gray New Year painting is an ancient painting in folk New Year painting, also known as "folk freehand painting". Seeing in the Ming Dynasty, prevailing in the Qing Dynasty, it has a history of 500 years. Judging from the existing information, only Gao Mi is preserved in the country with this annual painting, which is mainly produced in more than 30 villages in Jiangzhuang and Xiazhuang in Gaomi City.
The so -called fluttering ash, that is, burn ash with willow branches, draw lines as the bottom version, and copy multiple photos at a time. The artist followed the printed manuscript, hands, hands, coloring, drawing, hooking, and finally applying bright oil on key parts. The color of the gray New Year's picture is clear, the composition is clever and generous, and the full range of contrasting color is used. The main part is added with intermediate color. The gray year painting technique is unique, the color of the color, the lines are bold and smooth, the writing is strong, and the style is clear. It is an ancient production method before the engraving.
The early gray year paintings are mainly ink and ink, and gradually developed from the Daoguang year of the Qing Dynasty to the color generation ink, and tended to be gorgeous. At first, the subject matter was the king of the stove and the god of wealth. Later, it was transferred to the various annual paintings used to set up beautifying rooms. The content revolved around Chinese traditional customs. The New Year's paintings that show Fulu Shouxi, with old -fashioned canes on the screen, holding Da Shou Tao, Football, or Riding Xianlu's old Shoushou Star, and there are ancient pine and cranes, with couplets on both sides; Representative is the "Twenty -Four Filial Pictures".
The content of the gray New Year painting is mostly festive, which is very suitable for public festivals. Such as "Gossip", "Kicks", "Rich and Putty", "Eight Xianqing Shou", "Cowherd Weaver Girl", "Fu Shou Shuangquan", "Double Tong Xian Shou", "Four Seasons Flower Screen", and "Jiatang" and other masterpieces. The main genre is the middle hall, the screen, the couplet, the side of the window, the stove painting, the hoe painting, the worship painting, the calendar, etc. According to the subject matter, the main themes are worshipers, the gods and military wealth, the eight immortals, the auspicious festive festiveness, the story of the story, the historical allusions, the landscape flowers, the landscape flower , Historical figures, etc., can be called the microcosm of rural social life and the Grand View Garden of Folklore Life.
3. High dense paper cutting
The high -density paper -cutting has a long history. As early as 5,000 years ago, the thriving period of the totem art of the clan society, the objects in the totem art began to show the apartment in the form of patterns, and the concise and exaggerated sawtooth patterns, crescent patterns, water wave patterns, arc lines, string lines, dots, dots, dots, and dots Wait for expression. After the Han Dynasty, especially in the early years of Ming Hongwu, a large number of immigrants gathered high secrets from Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Jiangnan and other places. Art style.
The high -density paper -cutting, wide theme, flowers, insects, birds, beasts and characters can be cut. Most of the things cut things are based on folklore, living customs, mythical stories and opera stories. Most of the writers of paper -cutting are folk women. The works are not restricted to the law. They are rough and beautiful, and they are delicate and delicate, reflecting the unique national aesthetics. The artistic unity is used in art. The block and line form black, white, and gray tones. The contrast is strong and full of rhythm; The use of yin -scissors and yang scissors, cleverly use black blocks and thin lines to make the sawtoothing pattern and smooth surface, there are regular rules and unrestrained, cut out the rough, delicate, simple but beautiful, vivid and vivid artistic effects.
Themightly paper -cutting focuses on exaggeration in the image portrayal, and does not fail to do it. For example, "the birth of the overlord", the fierce tiger is a image of motherly love. The tiger hid in his mother's chest sensiblely, smiling and sucking milk. The style of high -cut paper cows is very different. It cleverly uses brick pattern to decorate the mouth of the cattle, and then use a large and small vortex wind pattern to form a strong contrast between moving and quiet hair with neat sawtooth hair. The anthropomorphic method is amazing.
. In 1993, Gao Mi was rated as "the hometown of Chinese folk (paper -cut) art". In 1997, the national zodiac stamp pattern was selected from high -secret folk paper -cutting.
. "Bald Tail Lao Li" legend
"Bald Tail Old Li" folk story is widely circulated in Shandong people. In June of the lunar calendar, the name of "Bald Tail Lao Li" often mentioned that when it encounters hail weather, people even "throw kitchen knives to drive dragons" in the patio courtyard. "Legend is related.
The text records similar to the story now, see Yuan Mei's "Ziyu" in Yuan Mei in the Qing Dynasty: "Bi Family, Wendeng County, Shandong. Chicken eggs. It is different, thinking that there should not be Lee in the twilight spring, eating and eating, sweet and abnormal. Since then, the belly is fist, and there is a pregnancy. . By the morning, they must drink their mother's breasts.
This in the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Shandong people broke into the east, and the story of the bald tail Lao Li combined with the local customs of the Northeast to develop new plots and content. After the little black dragon was cut off his tail, he fled to Heilongjiang, Northeast. Heilongjiang was originally a white dragon guard, named Bai Longjiang. After the Little Black Dragon came, with the help of Shandong people in the local "breakthrough", Bai Longjiang was defeated. Bai Longjiang has since renamed Heilongjiang. On the Heilongjiang Fan, the past vessels of Shandong people arrived in Jiangxin, and the bald tail Lao Li sent a large carp. Before the boat opened the ship, the passengers always asked whether there were Shandong people in the passengers. Some people in Shandong were calm. The big carp that jumped on the board, the boatman would hold his hands and shouted to the passengers: "The bald tail Lao Li gave gifts to Shandong fellow!" Then he put it back to the river. If Shandong has a big drought, the bald tail Lao Li will always find a way to give his hometown clouds.
The temples built to commemorate "bald tails" in all parts of Shandong. The earliest existing Dragon King Temple was not far east of Jimo County. People are used to seeking rain here, and it is said that it is quite spiritual. To this day, the token of rain in the Ming and Qing dynasties is still preserved.
Platin Lao Li is a filial son, and the folk has the saying "dragon is not separated from the mother". Therefore, there is often a "Dragon Mother Grave" near the Dragon King Temple. Or "Longmu Temple Fair". There are many customs of the folk "bald tail Lao Li". For example, it is said that June 6th, the lunar calendar is the birthday of "Bald Tail Lao Li". On this day, the family wants to leave him at home. Once the sun, it later evolved into a folk drying day.
The legend of the bald tail Lao Li series is the true reflection of the Shandong people in history, and it also reflects the characteristics of local public art.
(2) Folk music
1. Liao Zhai Slange
In the early Qing Dynasty, the unique local song created by Pu Songling, a literaryist Pu Songling, was mainly in Zibo City. Pu Songling made his own singing book with a vulgar song that was circulated at the time to form a unique music literature genre. Because Pu Songling was named "Liao Zhai", it was called "Liao Zhai Slange". song".
riraisy songs include "Playing a Child", "Yu'elang", "Pink Lotus", "Best Broken Bridge" and so on. Pu Songling's creation can be divided into two types, one is rap literature of narrative body, such as "Han Sen Song", "Aunt Music", etc.; "Topo" and so on. Its ideological content can also be divided into two categories, one is politicized, attacking and exposing the darkness of the society at that time; the other is ethical. Through the description of the abnormal relationship between family members, the hypocrisy of feudal ethics and morality is exposed. And ugly. These singing words and Dao Bai are all non -carved folk languages. They have a strong rustic atmosphere, humorous and humorous, spicy and refreshing, and have strong appeal. Whether in literature and music, it has extremely high value.
rosus vividly reflects the lives of people in the late feudal era. It has been circulating in contemporary society for a long time, becoming a unique form of mass art in Shandong. Since the fifteenth day of the first month of the Qing Dynasty, the villagers in Pujiazhuang have used the fragments of the song as the "play" singing lyrics, and some are also dressed as the monsters, two monsters, king silverrs, and Wang Yinmi, and Xiangu, Fox Jing, etc., performed in urban areas, towns and towns. As for Pu Songling, "playing children", "Yeah, oil", "Yu'elang", "Crying Huangtian" and other commonly used songs such as the songs, such as the roads, streets and streets, are even more young and old. In the winter of 1998, the Ci Village Town and Zicheng Town Quanlong Village set up a drama troupe, rehearsing the drama, and created modern Liao Zhai Louqu opera. In 2002, Liao Zhai Lingqu opera was also filmed as a real -life TV opera film on the TV station. Liao Zhai Louqu also influenced the development of other sister art based on unique charm. Taking opera as an example, the storytels of the story are the five -tone opera, Liu Zi, Sichuan opera, Peking Opera, Qinqiang, Hebei Xunzi, etc.
The 15 types of existing Liao Zhai Slangjiao manuscripts (formerly losing), all of which have been organized and published. In 2006, it was known as the Liao Zhai Music, which was known as the fossils of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.
The southwestern Lu
Shandong advocating music is widely distributed, southwestern Lujiao music is one of the most important and representative part, which is a kind of suona as the main Playing the folk art form of musical instruments. It is a typical representative of Jiaxiang advocating music. It is mainly distributed in Jining, Zaozhuang, Heze, and surrounding areas. It mainly depends on folk activities such as festival celebrations, marriage and funerals.
The historical revolution of advocating music in the southwest of Lun can be traced back to more than 300 years ago. In addition, according to the songs often performed in the southwest of Lune (Suona, the Master of the Skin), some are miscellaneous dramas since the Song and Yuan Dynasty, such as "Mixed River Dragon" and "Ganxion", which are a large number of Ming The small songs and brands circulating during the Qing Dynasty, such as "Mountain Step", "Lock South Branches", "One River Wind", "Tomorrow", "Bridge Bridge", "Tea Picking" and so on. Therefore, southwestern Luneng was spreading in the local area as early as the Ming Dynasty.
In long -term inheritance practice, southwestern Luneng advocated music to form a rich track family, diverse category systems, superb performance skills, hundreds of folk music classes and thousands of. Drum music. Representative tracks include "Hundred Birds and Characters", "Six Characters Opening Door", "One Flower", "Big Unit", "Wind Wind Snow", "Lift the Flower Cars", etc. The performers include Tongxiang, Jia Ruiqi, Yuan Ziwen, Wei Yongtang, etc.; The representative music class only has the "Yang family class" represented by Yang Xingyun. ", The sound is pure, soft and sweet; the" Renjia class "represented by Ren Tongxiang, the sound is bright and the feelings are delicate; The "Jia family class" represented by the representative, the sound is crispy and turbulent.
The southwestern Lujiao has unique music style, rustic and bold, high -pitched, and has high artistic value. In 1996, Jiaxiang County was named "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art (Suona)" by the Ministry of Culture.
(3) Traditional drama 1. Liu Zi Opera
Liu Zi opera, also known as Xianzi opera, one of the ancient dramas in Shandong, is passed down in the area of the Central Plains since Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasty The folk customs are small, and some dramas and vocals of the vocal cavity such as high cavity, Qingyang, chaos, Kunqiang, Luoluo, and reed in the high cavity are gradually developed. Because there is a Liu Zi tone in the song, it is named Liu Zica. It is popular in the vast area of Shandong, Henan, northern Jiangsu, southern Hebei, and northern Anhui. The Liuzi opera in Qufu, Tai'an, Linyi, Yixian, and Yinan, east of the canal, is accustomed to called "string drama"; north of the Yellow River is called "North (Hundred) Tuzi" and "Bran Nest"; It is called "blowing the cavity" in Linqingzhongzhuang. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Zi was referred to as "Nankun, Beiyi, Dongliu, and Xizheng" with the Kunqiang, Puyang cavity, and Xunzi cavity.
Liu Zi opera is mainly composed of two parts: vulgar and Liuzi. The vulgarites are large. There are more than 100 existing signs. The tunes are generally divided into more. , Turning up, etc. The vulgar song is accompanied by Musician, Hengsheng, Sheng and other musical instruments. When singing, you can use the "narrative" method to insert a large seven -character sentence or cross sentence in a long short sentence. The music style is euphemistic and can express complex and delicate psychological emotions. Liu Zi is a plate -type change body, singing in popular seven -character sentences. The accompaniment instruments are mainly bamboo flutes, Sheng, and Sanxian. Some people use "nine cavity and eighteen tune seventy -two cough" to describe the colorfulness of Liu Zi's drama tone. Liu Zica has the characteristics of the rough and bold sound of the north, and the regional color is very obvious.
The traditional repertoires in Liu Zi's drama have more than two hundred traditional repertoires. Its representative repertoires include "Sun Anyou Ben", "Zhang Fei Chuangguan", "White Rabbit", "Golden Lock", "Golden Locks", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Lock", "Golden Locks", "Golden Lock", and "Yan Qing Playing", "Blocking to the State", "Show Land", "Saw Great Tank" and so on. Liu Zica's traditional foot color rows are divided into four lives, four dan, four flowers, and three major heads and twelve lines.
The formation and development of Liu Zi opera has accommodated various ancient voices that have been prevailing since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The research of Sanqu has an irreplaceable important value. Compared with other dramas, Liu Zica can best represent the characteristics of local drama in Shandong, and it is more representative of folk culture.
2. Liuqin opera
Liuqin opera is a local drama in Lunan area. Because of its excellent tune, the tail sound is high or helped when singing, so it is commonly known as the piercing cavity. During the Jiaqing and Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty, it was mainly distributed in the borders of Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, and Henan Province. In 1953, it was officially named Liuqin Opera.
The singing of Liuqin's drama is mainly based on the recruitment and palace adjustment. In Liuqin opera singing, this method of conversion of the main tone is ubiquitous, and it looks unique in Chinese opera singing. Liuqin's singing cavity tunes include boarding, guidance, pulling the cavity, cavity, leaf hidden flowers, Huilong tunes, four -six long cavity, men's and women's pull cavity, stacked bridge, playing cards, Miss Qianjin entered the garden, etc. Its plates can be roughly divided into slow boards, two -line boards, numbers, tight boards, and five -character tight boards. Liu Yeqin, Flute, Fluttering, Erhu, Banhu, Suona, Sheng and Ban Drum, Gong Gong are the main accompaniment instruments of Liuqin.
Liuqin's foot color has its own special name. In small heads, two heads, two -foot beams, old men, old abduction, big raw, hook feet, hairy legs, treacherous white face and other lines, small The head is the boudoir, the two heads are Tsing Yi, the two -legged beam is Tsing Yi and Huadan, the old man is the old dan, the old turbulence is the color, the old is old, the feet are ugly, the hair leg is the face, and the white face is white. Liu Qin's performance is rough and simple, the rhythm is bright, and the local atmosphere is strong. In addition to the changes in slow plates, two -line boards, and tight boards, the singing section has a certain program header head.
Liuqin's traditional drama is rich in traditional dramas. It is mostly based on historical stories and folklore. There are 180 plays and folding dramas. "Flowers", "Fish Basketball", "Broken Double Nail", "Xiao Ao Mountain", "Yanmen Pass", "White Luo Shirt", "Drink Facial Leaf", "Small Study Room" and so on.
3. Five sound dramas
The five -tone drama originated from Zhangqiu and Licheng in Shandong, about 100 years of history. Different areas are divided into east, west, and north roads, and Zhangqiu as the center is called West Road (west to Jinan, east to Zibo), Lintong and Yiyuan areas are East Road, and Huifa and Jiyang areas are North Road. Its development, development, and shape have generally gone through three periods: Yangge, five -person classes, and five -tone dramas. It is a rare type of drama in northern my country.
Couples of five -tone drama, strong life, rich vocabulary, and the characteristics of folk verbal literature. It is characterized by spitting first, then the cavity, the bite is clear, the tune oral language, and the melody changes. When singing, basically use this throat. Initially, the performance of the five -tone drama was mainly based on the second small (small dan, the little student), the three small (small, the little student, the little student, the clown) drama, and the non -essay accompaniment. The repertoire is also richer.
The traditional repertoire of the five -tone play is more than 160. There are mainly "Wang Xiaoshan's Foot", "Er Sister Wang", "Touring Mozi", "Book of Colorful Houses", "Wang Dingbao Borrow", "Wall Head", "Wang Linxiu's Wife", "Wang Po Say Media", " Sister Zhang Fang Fan, Songlin Club, "Duke's Top Mouth" and so on.
In the history of the five -tone drama, many famous actors have been produced. Li Dexing (art name and pillar) are famous for their singing; Gao Guifang is famous for his singing; Wang Huankui (art name is self -honored) is well -known for his performance; Deng Hongshan is a good name for singing. Li, Gao, Wang, and Deng are known as the four famous famous Dan, especially Deng Hongshan, as a collection of the "Five Sound Opera" performances. "Human tears", its skills such as "eyebrows", "giving eyes", and "flying old" can be called opera performances. In the 1930s, Deng Hongshan went to Shanghai Ebai to make records. Because of his beautiful singing cavity, the record company presented the banner of "five sounds", and the "five -tone drama" was also named.
Mao cavity
Mao cavity is a local opera popular in Weifang, Qingdao, Rizhao and other places. Initially, because of the elbow hanging small drums in the singing, he sang while shooting. The name is "elbow drum"; there is also a saying called "elbow stock", indicating that when the actor sings and dances while singing and twisting the hips. Maoqiang has been widely circulated in the Shandong Peninsula during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. During the circulation, it absorbed vocals and forms such as local flower drum Yangge. Because of the "Oh Yhan" at the end of the upper and lower sentences, it has the characteristics of the three words, so it is also called "Oh 嗬 嗬" or "Old Tune". Around 1895, the Northern Jiangsu "Lao Manchu" sang north along Linyi with children, and merged Liuqin's singing vocal to "Ben elbow drum" to form a new singing method of tailing. The "or" beating ", taking its homophonic," Ben elbow drum "gradually became" Mao elbow drum ", and in the 1950s, it was named Maoqiang.
Mao cavity tunes are simple and natural, the cavity is euphemistic, easy to understand, and has a typical northern music characteristics and distinctive local style and local atmosphere. The women's cavity is particularly developed in the cavity, giving people a sense of sadness and sorrow. First, its musical vocals, basically the local rap (old turning) as the backbone, and widely absorbed the tunes such as Jiaozhou Da Yangge, Jiaozhou Octagonal Drum, Xihe Drum, Zhucheng Yangge Tune and other tunes to form a large -scale plate cavity The system, therefore, has the characteristics of local characteristics and the mass foundation, especially the cry in the "Dayou Board" (also known as the sad tone), exactly like the tone of the cry of the local women, and the "tune" is generally over eight degrees on the five sounds. It is refreshing, and the lyrics use dialect slang, easy to understand, witty and interesting. The second is the content of the performances, which are generally taken from local folk life, especially the basic drama "two small dramas" and "three small dramas". Most of these dramas really reflect the lives and desires of rural women, and can most resonate with women.
The traditional repertoire of Maoqiang reflects folk life. Its representatives include "Tokyo", "West Jing", "Nanjing", "Beijing" "Four Beijing" and "Luo Shirt", "Jade Cup", "Kite Ji", "Bee", "Fire Dragon", "Key Ji", "Sili", and "Eight Books".
Muzhou once had a folk song "Mao cavity sings, the cake is pasted on the pot, the hoe is hoeed to the crop, and the flower needle is tied on the finger." It is known as the "flower of Jiaodong".
5. Shandong Xunzi
Shandong Xunzi is one of the older dramas in Shandong local operas. History is mainly popular in Heze, Jining, Tai'an and other places in the southwestern part of Shandong, as well as the vast number of towns and villages in Liaocheng, Linyi and other regions. Due to the different areas of popular areas, the masses are different from them. For example, centered on Heze, Xi is called "Caozhou Xunzi"; centered on Jining and Wenshang, called "Wen Shangzi" or "lower road tuning", which is always called "high -profile", which is different from popular in the southwest of Luban, The "flat tone" in northern Henan and southern Hebei. Shandong Xunzi has a certain blood relationship with Pingzi, Laiwu Xunzi, and the "sand rivers" in northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui, and the relationship with the "Xiangfu Tune" in the East of Henan is even more closely related.
The performance of Shandong Xunzi performances is similar to the ancient drama such as Liu Zi opera. Features.唱腔属于板腔体，板式齐全而有自己的特点和较严的程式规范，常用的有慢板、破字慢板、一句正板、流水板、一鼓二锣、二八板、起板、 Planting plates, flying boards, sheep yellow, pour board, etc. Suona chord music cards are also very rich. According to different plots and characters, use different songs, such as the emperor to use the "emperor", the hundred officials worshiped "the emperor", the marshal sent troops to use the "five horses", the camps were used to use the "falling horse", and the villains were used to travel. "Wang Ba Ling" and so on. In the past, the red -faced and black faces were all used with "big cavity" (that is, the vocal). At first, Dan Jiao also used a big accent, and the tail sound was "chant". At first, the accompaniment instrument was used in string, two -string, and three strings. Later, it was replaced with Banhu and Erhu as the main instrument. In recent years, Sheng, Ruan, Pipa, etc. have been added.
Shandong Xunzi tradition There are many plays. There are often 600 plays in Wen Shang County's Cao Ban. Its pop shows are "four major signs", namely "Mu Guiying Zheng East", "Qin Ying Zheng West", "Yao Gang Zhengnan", " Lei Zhenhai Zhengbei; there are also "Eighteen Books", namely "Spring and Autumn", "Mei Snow", "Thousands of Miles", "Quan Zhongxiao", "Jiangdong" Feng "," Jade Tiger Pendant "," Hundred Flowers "," Old Border Court "," Golden Terrace "," Rich Map "," Dragon Gate Array "," Bergaining Orange "," Double Jade Bracelet "," Tiger Hill Mountain " , "Godci Records", "Malone", etc..
6. ""
"is a hook" And the local drama. Gao Tang Drum Zi Yangge is a kind of folk singing art. The singer's waist and drums, druming and singing accompaniment, and later developed into the stage. At the end of each and lower sentences, the aria must always tremble with false sounds. It usually appears a seven -degree and octa -degree jump, so it is called "hook". The area represents the rap style of the northwest and surrounding areas. The tune is simple and lively. It is a vocal vocal that the local working people naturally show their hearts. Describe it as moving as hooks.
"" has a wide circulation area, with different spreads, and there are various names. , Xiajin, Gao Tang, Ping Ping, Tangyi, Linqing called "Four Sound Opera"; Yixian, Tancheng, and Hebei Pavilion Tao area called "North Ci two string"; String "; Jiyang, Qihe, Yucheng, Linyi, are called" hook ". There are" dug -hearted knives "," Da Baotao "," Thirty -two Altar Vinegar ". Wait for the representative. The southwest is introduced to Anyang, Henan, and the northwest flows into the area of Hebei Jiaohe. Many, mainly "East Qin", "West Qin", "Sitting from the Building and killing", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Hu Lin grabbing relatives", "Three Jinshi", "Women's Horse". N
In the founding of New China, Linyi County was established in a hook drama troupe. In many aspects of music singing and accompaniment design, the vocals and signs of other dramas were available for new and new. "Slowly sing" Equation, and at the same time, on the basis of organizing and retaining the excellent drama, many excellent repertoires are transplanted and new.
. blue Guan opera is an ancient high -chari drama that is circulating in the Jiaodong Peninsula and Zhaoyuan and other places, also known as "Nanguan" and He "Face Opera". Lan Guanxian began in the late Ming Dynasty and was in the early Qing Dynasty. The sound characteristics of the Lan Guan opera vocal vocal "misunderstood the rural language" followed and imitated the dramatic vocals of the Puyang cavity of the Chinese opera, absorbing the long -term evolution of Jiaodong folk tunes and other components.
The "gang, playing, and singing" three -in -one is the three pillars of this drama music. The local people have always been "Lan Guan opened the stage, and the mother -in -law ran away the shoes", "to listen to Lan Guan opera, and it was willing to be frozen to death." The repertoires in Lan Guan opera are nearly a hundred, mainly two large -scale dramas, "Journey to the East" and "Journey to the West".
In increasing statistics, there are nearly hundreds of the players in Languan, which are generally divided into two categories, one is based on the large -scale Taiwanese drama adapted from the novel "Journey to the West" in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty. On the other hand, the large -scale drama based on "Dongyou Ji", also known as "Shangdong Baxian Biography".
The saying that there is a "seven -point gang and three -point singing" in Languan tricks. In performance, singing, chanting, doing, and playing all, the characters are living, dan, net, and end. The cavities include the blue pass, the old blue Guanquan, the high cavity, the praise film, the small song, etc. When singing, one person sang everyone to "gang", the actors on the stage sang, and the audience hummed, so they were called "Manchuria". During the accompanying singing process, sometimes the high -pitched pseudo -voice appeared, and sometimes sang with a real voice. Accompaniment does not have orchestra, only percussion instruments, there are "blue pass, blue pass, no hit, you can't sing the blue pass" proverb. When singing "high cavity", a full set of percussion instruments rang; when singing "Sadness", subtract the lingering feelings and set off a low lingering relationship. There are no gongs and drums and no drama. In the "Lan Guan", the lyrics are eight sentences and three paragraphs. This tradition is exactly the same as that of the "Eight Immortal Opera". The traditional nature is evident.
news.iqilu/shengqing/shuxie/2010/0613/257476_4
Food characters are a special kind of painting and calligraphy art made from various grain grain particles. It originated from a folk art created by the labor people in the late Qing Dynasty for praying for the bumper harvest of the grain and the peace of the world, and the good life of being able to live a full meal. The advent of food and art characters has filled the gaps in the history of domestic and foreign food culture and art, opened up new factions in the field of calligraphy and painting, and has been praised and favored by people of insight at home and abroad and collectors. His works are exported to countries and regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, etc., especially the calligraphy and poetry of the "hair body", which is even more popular. It has been collected by more than ten units including the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Beijing Folk Customs Museum, the Hong Kong Zhongyi Garden, and the Taiwan Civil Art Society. It can be called a strange work in the history of Chinese and foreign food culture and art. The National Patent Bureau was reviewed and approved as a national intellectual property patent product.
The grain art word has high art collection value and is a pure handicraft. As fine as embroidery, each capsule must be just right, so that it can reflect its artistic style. You can use different contents such as celebrity calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, soda, motto, poetry, etc. according to personal preferences. Waiting for a variety of fonts, make a siege and unique artistic work. His works not only have the rough and boldness of the north, but also the delicateness and elegance of the south. It can be described as majestic and superb, and it cannot be reached by other works.
If food art characters are actually a very wonderful art. The same draft, different people's effects are absolutely different. Because the size and thickness of each grain are different, and the difference in the direction of the placement, there are no two exactly the same grain calligraphy and painting in the world. The production of its works is all hand -made, from seven processes including granularity to soaking, air -dried (drying), version of the version, writing, anticorrosive (cover), can achieve insect -proof, corrosion, non -fading, and non -deformation for a long time. The emergence of food characters brings a artistic revolution to the whole society. Food represents 900 million farmers in China. Food is our lives and the wealth of farmers. It is used to imitate Mao Zedong calligraphy, ancient celebrity calligraphy and painting, which represented the grain of the farmers' incarnation, which reflects a kind of intimacy to return to the truth and return to nature. different. Its works are widely used in hotels, hotels, enterprises and institutions, and luxury family luxury decorations; they are also the best gifts for weddings, birthday feast collection, and gifts. At present, grain calligraphy and painting have been exported to Europe and the United States. Dozens of countries such as Asia and Hong Kong, Australia, and Taiwan are collected by the Ministry of Culture and Forbidden City. The development prospects of food calligraphy and painting are very broad, and it will definitely become another wonderful art of world culture.
The grain art characters, as a special artistic decoration, add color to the human culture and art decoration industry. Administrative organs, public institutions, and conference halls, hanging food calligraphy and painting can fully reflect the public servants' feelings for the people, reminding themselves not to forget the land, putting the people in their hearts, and standing on the largest number of people. And know; "people use food as the sky", the food and calligraphy is created by grains and grains, which is closely related to the culture of food culture. It is full of prosperity, natural, simple and kind, and is unique to the decoration and decoration industry. Fanzhuang and other food industries, hanging food calligraphy and painting, have a unique charm of natural integration, unique and different; people in life need to care for love. As a gift from friends, it can reflect the most innocent, simple and simple, most simple and honest, The most reputable feelings and friendship.
Acrobatic, Lu opera, embroidery, New Year's painting, paper -cutting, clay sculpture, black pottery, cloth toys, etc.
Shandong folk art keeps pace with the times, catch up with the footsteps of young people, the future of weaving traditional culture
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