number rings jewelry wholesale Following the orderly opening of the Palace Museum in an orderly manner, the famous cultural landmark -Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang will be resumed from May 10, 2020.
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number rings jewelry wholesale Following the orderly opening of the Palace Museum in an orderly manner, the famous cultural landmark -Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang will be resumed from May 10, 2020.
jewelry wholesale sydney In the history of L00 years, the caves of the Mogao Grottoes have been repaired and added in the hands of many rulers in more than 10 dynasties, and they have continued to collapse and damage. Overall, after several stages of ice. (1) Initial. The sixteenth country was the birth of the art of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang.
366 AD, Qianliangle Monk revealed the first page of Mogao Grottoes art on the cliff surface of Mingsha Mountain. During this period, the contents of the cave were Maitreya Bodhisattva, Zen Buddha, and the Buddha. They look down at and compassion, and have the characteristics of the times. The Northern Wei Dynasty was a period of great development of the art of the cave.
In 439 AD, the Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed Beiliang, unified the Hexi area, and set up Dunhuang Town. During this period, the main cave type was the "tower temple" (or "Zhi Ti") cave of the top slope and the central tower column. In addition to the story of the students, the content of the murals is mostly the main theme. After the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty ruled Dunhuang for more than 20 years. The rulers of the rulers of Yuwen respected the Confucianism, and Yu Wenzheng once read the Buddha. This has greatly developed the art of the grottoes in Dunhuang.
The cave content in the existing North Week period is rich in content, exquisite description, diverse artistic methods, full of technical exploration spirit, and providing many useful explorations for enriching the ability of grotto art. (2) During the heyday. The two emperors of the Sui Dynasty and Emperor Sui Wen and Emperor Sui Yang both believed in Buddhism and respected Buddhism as the state religion.
Emperor Sui Wen, Yang Jian, also ordered all those who destroyed the Buddha statues across the country to use "evil theory", thereby increasing the majesty of the grotto statue and quickly spreading Buddhism. In the sixteenth year of Tang Zhenguan (646), the Zhai Siyuan family was built in Cave 220, which is a milestone of the art of Mogao Grottoes.
It Wu Zetian, because she believed in Buddhism, and continued to use soldiers for the Western Regions, it laid a good T -meeting foundation for the development of Buddhism and grotto art from top to bottom, and many aspects exceeded the previous generation. From the first year of Shenlong (705) to the second year of Jiangu (781), it was the period of the Tang Dynasty, and it was also the period when the Tang Dynasty changed from prosperity to decline.
In order to maintain the stability of the northwestern region, the Tang Dynasty greatly strengthened Hexi's defense forces. Only 16 soldiers in Yumen, Anxi, and Dunhuang were only 145,000. At that time, the generals, the metropolis, and the military envoy sent the Western Regions, with many scribes, poets, song children, dancers, medical people, star warlocks, painters, weaving workers and other types of military service staff.
So the new painting and new techniques in the Mainland have a direct manifestation in Mogao Grottoes. The Midao Cave during the Midridge was called the Tubo era. In the exquisite and delicate square aspects of the mural statue of the Tubo era, the development of the Tang Dynasty is the development of the Tang Dynasty. The exquisite pen and ink, the accurate and vivid lines of the lines should be the achievement of the deep development of the Tang Dynasty.
S 60 in the Mogao Grottoes excavated in the evening Tang Dynasty, in terms of form and content, there are some differences than the Tubo era. First of all, a significant reflection of the joyful mood of the people of the Shazhou people overthrowing the rule of Tubo. Secondly, the image of Tubo Zanpu in the "Vimaku" disappeared from the mural.
again, in the middle of the change, he replaced the Fanfang figures with the lady and children of the Han family, giving a refreshing feeling. (3) The decline period. The artistic style of Mogao Grottoes during the Five Dynasties continued in the late Tang Dynasty. The five generations of murals are relatively rough, and they pay special attention to the combination of pens, ink, and color. The so -called "slightly dyeing" painting method is widely used.
The early practice of Xixia in Mogao Grottoes was to change the cave before and renovated. The style of painting was greatly affected by Ganzhou and Xizhou Huizhu's painting style. The murals of the grotto are very similar.
The ruler of the Yuan Dynasty also believed in Buddhism. Therefore, almost all of the existing Yuan Dynasty grottoes in Mogao Grottoes belong to Vajrayana with different styles. After the overthrow of the Ming Dynasty overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty, it closed the Jiayuguan west of Jiuquan in Gansu, and the art announcement of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which was prosperous for nearly 1200 years.
jewelry making supply wholesale Dunhuang experience of the desert shore:
In 1900, a Taoist priest named Wang Yuanzheng had no intention of discovering a secret room when he cleaned it in Mogao Grottoes. In the scriptures, 90%of Buddhist classics, the remaining 10%are the four books and five classics. There are also various text literatures. The Taoist priest thought to report to the court quickly. At that time, Cixi didn't care, and local officials did not pay attention. They just named Taoist priests to take care of these cultural relics. Until 1907, a foreign adventurer Stan led the team to come here, and who was originally ready to explorate the terrain in Dunhuang, learned the existence of the "Treasure Treasure Tank", and tried to enter the treasure trove, and successfully took away nearly 10,000 treasures!
Thente Tan's ten months after leaving, the incident was spread, and more people knew that a French person was called Boxi, and the level of Chinese was very high. After reading the remaining 40,000 volumes of books on the week, I selected more than 7,000 volumes to Paris. After that, they became famous and became a famous Han researcher. After Stan Yin and Boji, the relevant departments of the Qing Dynasty sent people to transport the remaining cultural relics to Beijing.
In Russia, Japan also came. In the end, the Americans came. There is nothing left in the cultural relics, so it is to start with the murals. Many murals are taken away by glue! Now many cultural relics about Dunhuang are circulated abroad. Some people say that Britain is the most, the most refined in France, the most complicated in Russia, and the most hidden in Japan, and the most chaotic stay in China!
sterling silver for jewelry making wholesale In front of the Mogao Grotto, it is facing the east, facing east, 1680 meters long north and south, and 50 meters high. The distribution of the caves is scattered and row, and there are at most five layers up and down. It was founded during the 16th Kingdom period. According to Tang's "Li Ke Restalistic Mohon Cave Buddha Stele", in the second year of the Qin Dynasty (366 years), the monk Lezun Lu passed the mountain and suddenly saw the golden light shining. The Buddha, so he excavated the first cave on the rock wall. Since then, Master Farary and others have continued to build a hole here. Later generations were universal because of "Mo" and "Mo", and they were renamed "Mogao Grottoes". Another saying: Buddhism has a word, and the meritorious merits of the Buddhist cave are immeasurable. Mo, impossible, no, the meaning of Mogao Grottoes means that there is no higher cultivation than building Buddhist caves. During the Northern Wei, Western Wei Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the ruler worshiped Buddhism, and the grottoes were supported by the princes and nobles, and developed rapidly. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, with the prosperity of the Silk Road, Mogao Grottoes were flourishing, and there were more than a thousand caves in Wu Zetian. After the Anshi Rebellion, Dunhuang was occupied by Tubo and the Return Army, but the statue activities were not much affected. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia, and Yuan Dynasty, Mogao Grottoes gradually declined. After the Yuan Dynasty, with the abandonment of the Silk Road, Mogao Grottoes also stopped building and gradually disappeared into the world's vision. It was not until the forty years of Kangxi (1701) in the Qing Dynasty that it made people pay attention here.
735 caves from the Northern Wei Dynasty to Yuan, which are divided into north and south areas. The southern district is the main body of Mogao Grottoes. It is a place for monks to engage in religious activities. There are 487 caves, all of which have murals or statues. There are 248 caves in the North District, only 5 of them have murals or statues, and the others are monks practice, living, and buried places after death. There are daily living facilities such as soil, stove, flue, niches, and table lamps. There are 492 caves in the two districts that have murals and statues, including 45,000 square meters of murals, five mud color plastic 2415, 5 eaves of the eaves of the Tang and Song dynasties, and thousands of lotus pillar stones, paving tiles, etc.
titanium jewelry wholesale Dunhuang is a national historical and cultural city.
The long history is difficult to delve into it. However, it can be seen from the stone, pottery, and copper wares unearthed from Dunhuang to Yumenhuo Gully. It can be seen that at least four or five thousand years ago, the sparks of primitive civilization of nomadic peoples flashed in the Party River and the Shule River Basin. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the ancient nomadic people of the northwest "Yun Rong" and "Family" left precious rock paintings here, becoming a key to our ancient history of Dunhuang. During the pre -Qin period, the Moon and Wusun people successively resigned in Dunhuang. From 221 BC to 206 BC, the Yue clan used the powerful tribe of "100,000 stringes", known as Xionghe West, and destroyed the neighboring Wusun. Weak meat and strong food, suitable for survival. It's a pity that the good times don't last long. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty (203 to 176 BC), the other more powerful Xiongnu nation invaded Hexi from the Mobe Plateau. Mi Henan) Gou stretched out. The strong Xiongnu became the owner of the Hexi Corridor with the power of "more than 300,000 people in the string".
The Emperor Hanwu eliminated the Huns. After unifying Hexi, it really unveiled the first page of the glorious cultural history of Dunhuang. In order to completely remove the Huns' threat and disturbance of the Central Plains dynasty, Emperor Hanwu was a little bit of talented and adopted a "embedded strategy". In 139 BC, Zhang Jian began a difficult "empty" move. All countries have launched a large -scale war on the Huns. In 127 BC, the battle of Mobei of Wei Qing and the Hexi battle of Huo Qubu's illness in 121 BC gave the Huns a fatal blow. After Huo Qubu unified Hexi, Emperor Hanwu set up the four counties in Hexi, and built the east of Yongdeng Luo Chengtan and the west to the ancient city of Loulan Loulan to open the Silk Road. The Yangguan and Yumen Pass in Dunhuang became the two border "eyes" of the Central Plains to the western region. Jiuquan County was established in the second year of Han and Yuanxuan (121 BC). At that time, Dunhuang was under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan County. In the six years of Emperor Wudi Yuan Ding (first 11th and year), Zhao Po Nu tuned the artificial artificial artificial artificial artificial artificial artificially in the west bank of the Party River, and built the Dunhuang Border City Pond on the west bank of the Party River, and built the outer river, Saicheng and Water Conservancy Hub Malangkou weir weir (Now near Kurishan Tsui). (Hanshu · Geography) contains: "Dunhuang County, the first year of Emperor Wudi (88 years) divided into Jiuquan", Dunhuang County then under the jurisdiction of Dunhuang, Ming'an, Effect Valley, Yuanquan, Guangzhi, Longle, 6 counties. Essence It is named Dunhuang, which contains the meaning of "grand brilliant". (Hanshu · Geography "commented:" Dun, Da Ye; Huang, Shengye. "Li Jifu (Yuanhe County Chronicle) in the Tang Dynasty:" Dun, Da Ye, it is widely opened in the Western Regions, so it is famous. "The Western Han Dynasty." The Western Han Dynasty. " The government's immigration real -border policy has made Dunhuang a prosperous scene, making it develop into the Northwest Military Political Center and cultural and commercial land. In 437, Dunhuang belonged to the uniform regime of Qianliang, Qin, Houliang, Beiliang, etc. in the four years (400 years) in Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Li Gao, the eunuch of Beiliang Dunhuang, supported the West Liang Kingdom and Dunhuang. Jiuquan. In 421, the North Liang died in the west and resumed Dunhuang. In 439, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the river, and Dunhuang was relatively stable, and the economic culture was prosperous again. There is an Wakisha County, named after the south of the city.
puerto rico jewelry wholesale During the sixteenth Kingdoms, the heroes were hegemonic in the Central Plains. As Buddhism was introduced from Dunhuang during the Han and Wei dynasties and was unprecedented here, Dunhuang became a Buddhist center in Hexi and an important window to the Mainland. According to the stone monument, in the second year of Qin Jianyuan (AD 366), a monk named Lezun passed through Dunhuang, Gansu, and found that the golden light shone on the mountain, such as the Buddha appeared, so he opened the grotto here for the Buddha. The construction of the Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia, and Yuan has created the world's attention.

Sui Wen Emperor recovered Hexi. After the southern section was settled, a group of noble tribes of the Southern Dynasty moved here, so that the North -South culture integrated in Dunhuang. In order to ensure the smoothness of the Silk Road, Tang Taizong Li Shimin eliminated the Western Turkistan in one fell swoop. Like the Tang Empire, Dunhuang is economically developed and culturally prosperous, and Buddhism is extremely prosperous. There are more than 1,000 caves in the Mogao Grottoes, and murals and statues have reached the peak of art. After the Anshi Rebellion, Tubo attacked Hexi in vain, captured Liangzhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou and other places, and ruled Hexi for more than 70 years. As a result, a large number of mural arts during the Tubo period were preserved in the Mogao Cave, and a large number of Tibetan scriptures were preserved in the Tibetan Scripture Cave.

In the rise of the party's tribe to build the Xixia dynasty, Dunhuang maintained a rich man's property that is not inferior to the Central Plains. The ruler worshiped Buddhism and has also developed greatly in culture and art. The world -famous "Dunhuang testament" was sealed in the 17th of the Mogao Grottoes during the Xixia Rule (AD 1036). In the 13th century, the Mongolian army destroyed Xixia and overcome Shazhou and other places. The Yuan Dynasty's expedition to the Western Regions must pass Dunhuang. The troops here are stationed. The farmers and soldiers of the reclamation of Dunhuang have created the prosperity of economic and culture. In addition, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty also believed in Buddhism.

No one would think of the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. In order to resist the invasion of nomadic peoples, Jiayuguan was cleared, and Dunhuang had no previous prosperity. When the King Taoist cleaned the cave, he accidentally found the Tibetan Scripture Cave, and dug more than 40,000 cultural relics such as the Buddhist scriptures, social documents, embroidery, silk paintings, and magic weapons from the 4th to 11th centuries. The Taoist priest did not go to the government in time, and at this time the Qing government was in a critical juncture of internal and external problems, and no one knew the value of these precious cultural relics.

. The "expedition" and scholars from foreign countries came to hear the news. Scattered around the world. When a corrupted regime was extremely faint, he had no effort to protect his cultural essence. In the end, Chinese scholars could only face the embarrassing situation of "Dunhuang in China, Dunhuang Studies abroad", and tolerance in the collation and research of Dunhuang literature. Start up and catch up.
The life is very long in life, Dunhuang is short for thousands of years, and Lezun may not think of one of his moves for a thousand years. And the treasures out of the country, scattered the countryside, and gave the cultural relics protection of Mogao Grottoes and Chinese cultural relics that can never heal.