4 thoughts on “planet silver wholesale jewelry bangkok thailand Seeking information about Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang”
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larimar jewelry wholesale Dunhuang Caves, commonly known as Qianfo Cave, is known as the most valuable cultural discovery in the 20th century. The "Oriental Louvre" is located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor. It is famous for its exquisite murals and statues. It was built in the former Qin Dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms. After the construction of the 16th countries, the Northern Dynasties, the Sui, Tang, Fifth Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other generations, a huge scale was formed. There are 735 caves. Mud color plastic 2415 is the largest and most rich Buddhist art sacred place in the world. There are more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics found in the Tibetan Scripture Cave in modern times. From this, Dunhuang Studies, which derives the disciplines of Tibetan scriptures and Dunhuang art. In 1961, it was announced as one of the first national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, he was listed as a World Cultural Heritage.
It Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are the general names of the Mogao Grottoes and West Thousand Buddha Caves in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. Poor Buddhist art treasure house. Mogen cave is located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, excavated on the cliff on the eastern foot of Mingsha. It is about 1,600 meters long in the north and south. The upper and lower layers are arranged on the upper and lower layers. It is the largest existing scale, the best preservation, and the most abundant classic culture and art treasure house in China. It is also a world -renowned Buddhist art center. The former Qin Fu Jianjian's second year of the Yuan (AD 366), there was a Saimen Le of the Salmon. Seeing that there were thousands of Buddhas on the Mingsha Mountain, there were thousands of Buddhas, so the heart of germination was germinated. Suchi Buddhist Holy Land, named Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Qianfo Cave. Magon cave, although it was attacked by nature and artificial destruction in the long years, so far there are ten from the sixteen countries, the Northern Wei, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou, the Sui, the Five Dynasties, the Song, the Xixia, and the Yuan Dynasty. There are 492 holes in a dynasty, with more than 45,000 square meters of murals, and two thousand statues. It is the greatest treasure house in the world's existing Buddhist art. If the murals are arranged, it can stretch more than 30 kilometers, which is the longest, largest, and most abundant gallery in the world. In recent decades, scholars at home and abroad have been interested in Dunhuang art and continuously studied it to form a special discipline "Dunhuang Studies". Mogen cave is an art palace combined with ancient buildings, sculptures, and murals. It is especially known for its colorful murals. The abundant capacity and content of Dunhuang murals are comparable to any religious grottoes, temples or palaces in the world today. Looking around the caves and the top of the cave, Buddha statues, flying, hi music, fairy, etc. are painted everywhere. There are Buddhist scriptures paintings, sutra paintings, and Buddhist historical paintings, weird paintings and supported portraits, and various exquisite decorative patterns. The sculpture of Mogao Grottoes has been famous for a long time. There are 33 meters of sitting statue and a small bodhisattva of more than ten centimeters. Most of the caves are stored with statues, and there are a large number of large sculptures. The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang was founded in 366 AD. During the 1,500 years of the Qing Dynasty, more than 480 caves were built on the upper wall of the long Mingsha Mountain in the three -way to the three kilalsis. It is full of colorful Buddha statues and murals based on Buddhist stories. The colorful Buddha statues have a total of more than 2,000 body, the largest one as high as 33 meters. The skills of murals are superb and amazing. If one party connects, it can be arranged into a gallery of more than fifty miles. In addition, in a closed stone room, a large number of ancient scriptures, documents, scrolls, etc. were found with high value. about 25 kilometers from the urban area to Mogao Grottoes, and the car is driving for about 25 minutes. The Mogao Grottoes were called Qianfo Cave in the ancient times. This does not refer to a thousand Buddhas or one thousand caves. The language of Buddha refers to many Buddhas and caves. In my country, there are four major grottoes, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang in Henan, Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu, and Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. The first reason is that the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes was earlier, and there is a history of 1643 to date. The sculpture, the murals are very exquisite, the current color plastic is 2499, and the mural is 45,000 square meters. Some people say that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are both a large sculpture hall and a Buddhist art gallery. According to the inscriptions of Mogao Grottoes, in 366 AD, a monk named Lezun walked at the foot of the restaurant of Ming Sha. Seeing the golden light on the top of the mountain, it seemed that there were millions of Buddhas that flashed in the golden light, and it seemed that Xiangyin was dancing in the golden light. The optical response of minerals in the sun believes that this is the appearance of the Buddha light, which is the sacred place of the Buddha. So Lezun worshiped, determined to worship the Buddha here, and invited the craftsmen to excavate the first cave on the cliff. In the future, people have been built one after another. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Qin, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia, Yuan, Ming, Qing, more than a thousand caves have been excavated after more than a dozen centuries. Since then, the disciples of Buddhism, the nobles of the palace, and the people of Shang Jia, and the good men and women have come here to donate to the cave. In the long history of more than a thousand years to the 14th century, the worshipers are endless. The architectural art 492 paintings and color plastic are stored in more than 500 caves. pagoda. The largest cave type is more than 40 meters high and 30 meters wide. From the center tower column -style cave type retained in the early grotto, it reflects the digestion and absorption of ancient artists while accepting foreign art, making it a national form of our country. Many of them are masterpieces of existing ancient buildings. color plastic art colorful plastic is the main body of Dunhuang art, including Buddha statues, bodhisattva statues, disciples, and heaven, King Kong, Lux, God and so on. Color plastic forms are rich in color, including round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic, good karma and so on. The maximum is 34.5 meters, and the minimum is only about 2 cm (the statue of the mud and wood and the stone). 17 Portrait plastic plastic in Hexi in the Tang Dynasty, and the statue with a rod with a rod, etc., combined the statue and murals, is one of the earliest realities in my country, with high historical and artistic value. muk art grotto murals are colorful and colorful, various Buddhist scriptures, mountains and rivers, pavilions and other architectural paintings, landscape paintings, flower patterns, flying sky Buddha statues, and various scenes produced by the working people at that time Wait, it is the artistic style and historical changes from the sixteenth nations to the Qing Dynasty for more than 1500 years. In a large number of mural art, it can also be found that on the basis of nationalization, ancient artists have absorbed the heads of ancient art in Iran, India, Greece and other countries, and are the symbol of the developed civilization of the Chinese nation. The murals of various dynasties show different painting styles, reflecting the political, economic and cultural conditions of the feudal society in my country. It is a glorious chapter in the history of ancient Chinese art, providing precious image historical materials for ancient Chinese history research. It Dunhuang Art 26 years of Guangxu (1900 AD), found in the hidden room in the hidden room in the north wall of Cave 16 to store the scriptures, documents, woven embroidery and portraits from the three kingdoms, Wei and Jin dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty. Wait about 50,000 pieces. In addition to Chinese writing, the documents are written, Lu Teen, Luwen, Bonewen, Tubo, Sanskrit, Tibetan texts and other ethnic groups of various ethnic groups account for about one -sixth. The content of the documents includes the religious documents of the teachings of Buddhism, Dao, etc., literary works, contracts, account books, official document letters, etc. The discovery of Dunhuang art, in Chinese and foreign, has an extremely important research value for the remedies and collation of ancient Chinese literature. Mogao Grottoes is a large -scale grotto temple with fusion of painting, sculpture and architectural art. Its cave shapes are mainly Zen caves, central tower columns, temple caves, central Buddhist altar caves, four walls and three caves, large statue caves, nirvana caves, etc. The size of each cave is far from the size, the largest 268 square meter, the smallest cave 37 is high. There are original wooden temples outside the cave, and there are corridors and boardwalks. Magon cave paintings are painted in the four walls, caves, and Buddhist altars of the cave. The content is extensive and profound. There are also many paintings that show all aspects of social life such as hunting, farming, textiles, transportation, war, war, construction, dance, marriage, and marriage. Some of these paintings are magnificent, and some are bright and magnificent, reflecting the artistic style and characteristics of different periods. Most of the paintings of the five generations of Chinese five generations have been lost. Mogao Grottoes murals provide important physical objects for the study of Chinese art history, and also provide a very valuable image and pattern for studying ancient Chinese customs. According to calculations, if these murals are arranged at 2 meters high, galleries can grow up to 25 kilometers. The soil in the cliffs where Mogao Grottoes are relatively soft and are not suitable for stone carvings. Therefore, the statues of Mogao Grottoes except the four big Buddhas are stone tire clay sculptures, and the rest are wooden bone clay sculptures. The statues are Buddhist and Buddhas, and have a variety of combinations such as single statues and groups. The group statues are generally in the middle of the Buddha. The disciples and bodhisattvas are served on both sides. Color plastic forms include round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic, good karma and so on. These statues are exquisite and realistic, imaginative, highly accomplished, and combine with murals, complement each other. It is a nine -layer covered eaves, also known as "Beida Portrait", which is in the middle of the cliff cave. Its wood structure is earth -red, the eaves are pecking, the outline is wrong, and the eaves are bells, and the wind sounds. In the meantime, the Maitreya Buddha statue, 35.6 meters high, was painted by stone tire clay sculptures. It is the third largest Buddha in China after Leshan Great Buddha and Rongxian Great Buddha. The lower part of the large Buddha's space is large and the upper part is small, and the plane is square. Two channels outside the building are available for watching the Great Buddha nearby, but also the source of light on the head and waist of the big Buddha. The cave eaves had existed before the first year of Tang Wende (888). At that time, it was 5 floors. The four years of the Northern Song Dynasty (966) and the Qing Dynasty were rebuilt and changed to 4 floors. Rebuild again in 1935 to form the current 9 -layer shape. In the murals of Mogao Grottoes, the beautiful flying sky can be seen everywhere -the city sculpture of Dunhuang City is also the image of a flying fairy that rebounds the pipa. Feitian is the god who serves the Buddha and Emperor Shitian, and can sing and dance. Above the wall, Feitian danced in the boundless universe, and some held the lotus buds and rushed straight to the clouds; some dived from the air, and the pioneering meteor; Then follow the wind, leisurely. The painter's unique winding long line and stretching and harmonious interest are presented to people a beautiful and ethereal imagination world. It color, flying lines, in these northwestern artists' warm and emotional depiction of the ideal kingdom of heaven, we seem to feel the inexhaustible passion for their ride on the desert wasteland. Perhaps this is exactly this kind of Passion, only the show of imagination in the mural!
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cheapest wholesale jewelry boxes Dunhuang Feitian is the business card of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang and the sign of Dunhuang art. Just see beautiful flying sky. People think of the art of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. Among the 492 caves in the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, almost the paintings were painted. According to Mr. Chang Shuhong in Dunhuang Feitian. The large -scale art album prefaces that "a total of more than 4,500 people." The number of them can be said to be the most preserved grottoes in the world and Chinese Buddhist grottoes. The name of the Dunhuang Feitian and the characteristics of the times are now as follows: 1. The name of Dunhuang Feitian will be transformed into pure land in Buddhism in Buddhism. The god celebrations of heaven are called "heaven", such as "Great Brahma", "merit sky", "good talent", "thirty -three days" and so on. Tang Zang's "Golden Guangming Jing Shu" Zhongyun: "Foreign calling gods is also the heavens." The god of heaven flying in the air in Buddhism is called flying. Feitian draws more in the murals of Buddhist caves. In Taoism, Taoism refers to the mythical figures of feathers as "immortals", such as "leading fairy", "sky immortal", "red -footed immortal", etc., and the gods who can fly in the air are called Feixian. Essence Song "Taiping Royal Lan" Volume 622 quoted "Tianxianpin" Zhongyun: "Flying clouds, deity and light, thinking that Tianxian, also clouds flying immortals." Yuhua ascension. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, it was integrated with Taoism in China. During the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, which was short long after Buddhism, the flying sky in the murals was also called Feixian, which was not distinguished by Feitian and Feixian. With the in -depth development of Buddhism in China, although Buddhist Feitian and Taoist Feixian blended with each other, but in terms of names, only the air flying gods in the murals of Buddhist caves into Feitian. Dunhuang Feitian is the flying god painted in the Dunhuang Grottoes, and later became a special term for Dunhuang mural art. Second, the characteristics of Dunhuang Feitian's era characteristics in Dunhuang murals. The creation of Huai Caves also appeared at the same time. Since the sixteenth kingdoms, after ten dynasties, it lasted more than a thousand years. Until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it died with the construction of the Dunhuang Grottoes. In the long history of these thousands of years, due to the change of dynasties, the transfer of the regime, the economic development and prosperity of the economy, and the frequent exchanges of Chinese and Western culture, the artistic image, attitude and artistic conception, style and interest of Feitian are all in Continuous changes, different times and different artists have left us with different styles of flying. Dunhuang Feitian for more than a thousand years has formed a distinctive evolutionary history The flying sky in Buddhism was originally men, but after the Tang Dynasty introduced in China, the artists and craftsmen moved to Feitian's transgender surgery surgery. ——The men into women, at this time the Tang Dynasty Bodhisattva had begun to use eye shadow. Yesterday was the last day of CCTV's live Dunhuang archeology. Under the leadership of the host and experts of the Dunhuang Research Institute, several mysterious special caves that had never been opened to tourists in Dunhuang cave were shown in front of the audience. After being decrypted for the first time. The 492 caves in the southern area of Dunhuang are special caves that have never been opened to tourists. The so -called special cave is the only one of the hundreds of the hundreds of caves in Dunhuang. It is also unique and unique to the country with special value. The host of CCTV Zhang Quanling and the Dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute Fan Jinshi first led the audience to enter the 57th Cave 57, which is known as the beauty cave. This is a Tang Dynasty cave. Dean Fan Jinshi introduced that the reason why it is called a beauty cave is because the murals in this cave depict many beautiful women. She pointed at the tall and slightly mottled murals of the one to tell everyone that a total of ten different bodhisattvas were painted on this mural, all of which were beautiful women. One of the largest bodhisattvas is slender and graceful, with round lines, smiling with a smile, a look at the eyes, and a splendid dress. Fan Jinshi said that this is the painting of the bodhisattva with painting the young girl, but it feels dignified but not charming. Many painters have copied this mural, but no one can show the expression of this bodhisattva. The gold and silver jewelry such as the golden crown, collar, and bracelets on this bodhisattva is protruding the picture, just like wearing it later, and these jewelry is still bright. Fan Jinshi explained that this three -dimensional painting method of piles on the screen is extremely rare, and Dunhuang is also rare. Zhang Quanling also found that the painting method on the Bodhisattva face on this mural is a bit like a makeup of modern women. There is a colorful color on the upper eyelids like eye shadow, and the lips are painted with lipstick. Fitchy is a relatively low -level god in Buddhism, and it is also a character image that often shows in Dunhuang murals. Among the hundreds of murals in Mogao Grottoes, there are more than 4,500 flying sky images, the largest flying sky is Cave 130, which is more than two meters long and the smallest is only five or six centimeters. These flying days were first painted in the Beiliang period. At that time, the image of Feitian was generally naked, stout, and bearded, and it was a man's image. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Feitian's figure began to lose weight; in the Tang Dynasty, the strong Chinese culture Finally, Feitian from India completely changed the image and turned men into women. At this time, Feitian appeared in the costume of the Tang Dynasty maids, showing the beauty of women in that era. The process of changing the image of Feitian is also the process of localization of Buddhism. It Dunhuang murals include 552 caves in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Xiqian Buddha Cave, and Anxi Yulin Grottoes. There are more than 50,000 square meters of murals in the past. It is the most in the world's murals in my country. The content is very rich. Dunhuang murals are the main components of Dunhuang art, with huge scale and exquisite skills. The content of Dunhuang murals is colorful. Like other religious arts, it is a description of God's image, the activity of God, the relationship between God and God, and the relationship between God and man with the kind wishes of people to appease people's hearts. Therefore, the style of murals has a different characteristic from secular painting. However, any art stems from real life, and any art has its national tradition; therefore their forms are mostly based on common artistic language and expression skills, and have a common national style.
The national traditional mythical theme is in the cave in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, with the mythical themes with Taoism. At the top of the Western Wei Dynasty, except for the center of the center drawing lotus algae, the two -sided fool Wang Bawang Eight Section of Fang Shi opened the way. Suzaku, basalt, green dragon, and white tiger distribution. Fei Lian's wings and wind moved, Lei Gong's arm turned around, and the thunderstorm smashed the stone with iron diamonds. The supporter portrait is the person who believes in Buddhism to build a grotto. In order to show the devotion to the Buddha, they left the name of the future. When opening the statue, they painted themselves with their portraits of their families, relatives, slaves, and others. These portraits are called portraits of supporters. The decorative pattern and colorful decorative patterns are mainly used for grotto building decoration, as well as tables, crown clothes and utensil decoration. Decorative patterns vary from time to time, ever -changing, and have superb painting skills and rich imagination. The patterns are mainly algae patterns, 椽 图 patterns, and decorative patterns. In order to attract the masses extensively and vigorously promote the Buddhist Dharma, the story of the Buddhist scriptures must be accepted to the masses in a popular and simple and image form of abstract and esoteric Buddhist classics to inspire them to worship them. As a result, a large number of story paintings were drawn in the cave, allowing the masses to be educated subtly during the process of watching. The story is rich in content, the plot is moving, the life is strong, and the attractive charm is. It can be divided into five categories. The biography story: mainly preach the life of Shakyamuni. Many of them are the myths and folklore of ancient India. After several centuries of processing and modification, Buddhists are attached to Shakya. Generally, there are many scenes of "multiplied people's fetal tires" and "over the middle of the night". The Buddhist story of Cave 290 (Northern Zhou Dynasty) was tied for six rolled rolls, drawing in a sequential structure, a total of 87 pictures, depicting all the plots between Shakyamuni from birth to monks. Such a long -forming comic painting is rare in Chinese Buddhist stories. This story painting: refers to the vivid story of depicting various good deeds that Shakyamuni during his lifetime, promoting "cause and effect" and "hard practice". It is also a widely popular theme in Dunhuang's early murals, such as "Saju's Body Feds Tiger", "Corpse King Cut the Meat and Save Pigeons", "Jiudi Deer Saves and Saves", "Sudu Timing Cut Meats" and so on. Although they have been marked on religion, they still maintain the true nature of myths, fairy tales, and folk stories. This story painting: This is the story of Buddhist disciples, good men and women and Sakyamuni. The difference between the story of the life is: the story of the birth of the Shengshamuni during his lifetime; the cause of the Buddhist disciples, the good men and the woman's belief in the past life or this life. The main stories in the murals include "500 robbers into Buddhas", "Sami Shoujie Suicide", "Prince Prince Essence into the Sea" and so on. The content of the story is bizarre, the plot is twisted, and it is quite dramatic. This Story of Buddhist Historical Traces: Refers to the story drawn according to historical records, including Buddhist traces, inductive stories, monks' deeds, Ruixiang maps, precepts, etc. Including historical figures and historical events, it is a Buddhist historical information. Most of these paintings are painted in the caves, the top of the martyrdom and the top of the corner. However, some are also painted on the front wall, such as "Zhang Jian's envoy of the Western Regions", "Buddha Tucheng" and "Liu San" in Cave 323. Maponic story painting: This is the story listed by Buddhist teachings to Buddhist disciples, good men and women who can understand the disciples of Buddhist and men and women. Most of these stories are fables and fairy tales in ancient India and Southeast Asia. They have been collected and recorded in Buddhists in the Buddhist scriptures. The metaphorical stories in the Dunhuang murals include "Xianggu and Golden Elephant", "Golden Maosa Lion" and so on. The landscape painting in the mountains of Dunhuang murals is covered with grottoes, with rich content and diverse forms. Most of them are integrated with transient paintings and story paintings to play a role of foil. Some are based on the landscapes in the Buddhist scriptures, referring to the realistic scenery and the superb imagination, depicting the beautiful and natural scenery of the "Bliss World" green mountains and green water, birds and flowers. picture". The above -mentioned seven types of murals, except for decorative patterns, generally have plot murals, especially after painting and story paintings, which reflect a large number of real social life, such as: travel, banquet, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interbail Traveling, shaving, ritual Buddha, etc.; Farming, hunting, fishing, pottery, iron smelting, slaughtering, cooking, construction, begging, etc.; Ethnic, foreign messenger and other social activities. Therefore, Dunhuang Grottoes are not only art, but also history. The shape characteristics Themark image (Buddha, Bodhisattva, etc.) in Dunhuang murals (Buddha, Bodhisattva, etc.) and the vulgar image (for the characters in the characters and the characters in the story. These two types of images are derived from real life) but There are different properties. In terms of shape. The vulgar image is full of life, and the characteristics of the times are also more vivid; while the image of the gods changes less, and the imagination and exaggeration are more. From the clothes of the clothes, most people are in the Central Plains Chinese, while the gods mostly maintain the exotic crown; they are also different, and the popular people mostly use the Central Plains halo method, and the gods are mostly bumps in the western region. All these are constantly changing with the time of the times. One of the issues that are closely related to the shape are deformation. Dunhuang murals inherit the deformation of traditional painting, and cleverly shape a variety of characters, animals and plant images. Different times, different aesthetics, and different degrees and methods. Early deformation is large, more romantic ingredients, and the characteristics of the image are clear; after the Sui and Tang dynasties, the deformation is less, the three -dimensional sense is strong, and the realism is becoming increasingly strong. The method of deformation is generally two: one is exaggeration and deformation. One is based on the original form of the character, that is, it is extended into a disaster. For example, the bodhisattva in the late Northern Wei Dynasty or during the Western Wei Dynasty greatly increased the length of the service, fingers and necks, and the bone was revealed. Bone rule ". Quan Gang Lishi is mostly exaggerated in horizontal, thickened limbs, shortened necks, his head is round belly, his eyebrows are eye -catching, emphasizing the health of your body and the power of the superpower. Both characters are exaggerated.
all tribes wholesale jewelry Dunhuang Caves, commonly known as Qianfo Cave, is known as the most valuable cultural discovery in the 20th century. The "Oriental Louvre" is located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor. It is famous for its exquisite murals and statues. It was built in the former Qin Dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms. After the construction of the 16th countries, the Northern Dynasties, the Sui, Tang, Fifth Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other generations, a huge scale was formed. There are 735 caves. Mud color plastic 2415 is the largest and most rich Buddhist art sacred place in the world. There are more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics found in the Tibetan Scripture Cave in modern times. From this, Dunhuang Studies, which derives the disciplines of Tibetan scriptures and Dunhuang art. In 1961, it was announced as one of the first national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, he was listed as a World Cultural Heritage.
larimar jewelry wholesale Dunhuang Caves, commonly known as Qianfo Cave, is known as the most valuable cultural discovery in the 20th century. The "Oriental Louvre" is located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor. It is famous for its exquisite murals and statues. It was built in the former Qin Dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms. After the construction of the 16th countries, the Northern Dynasties, the Sui, Tang, Fifth Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other generations, a huge scale was formed. There are 735 caves. Mud color plastic 2415 is the largest and most rich Buddhist art sacred place in the world. There are more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics found in the Tibetan Scripture Cave in modern times. From this, Dunhuang Studies, which derives the disciplines of Tibetan scriptures and Dunhuang art. In 1961, it was announced as one of the first national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, he was listed as a World Cultural Heritage.
It Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are the general names of the Mogao Grottoes and West Thousand Buddha Caves in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. Poor Buddhist art treasure house.
Mogen cave is located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, excavated on the cliff on the eastern foot of Mingsha. It is about 1,600 meters long in the north and south. The upper and lower layers are arranged on the upper and lower layers. It is the largest existing scale, the best preservation, and the most abundant classic culture and art treasure house in China. It is also a world -renowned Buddhist art center.
The former Qin Fu Jianjian's second year of the Yuan (AD 366), there was a Saimen Le of the Salmon. Seeing that there were thousands of Buddhas on the Mingsha Mountain, there were thousands of Buddhas, so the heart of germination was germinated. Suchi Buddhist Holy Land, named Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Qianfo Cave.
Magon cave, although it was attacked by nature and artificial destruction in the long years, so far there are ten from the sixteen countries, the Northern Wei, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou, the Sui, the Five Dynasties, the Song, the Xixia, and the Yuan Dynasty. There are 492 holes in a dynasty, with more than 45,000 square meters of murals, and two thousand statues. It is the greatest treasure house in the world's existing Buddhist art. If the murals are arranged, it can stretch more than 30 kilometers, which is the longest, largest, and most abundant gallery in the world. In recent decades, scholars at home and abroad have been interested in Dunhuang art and continuously studied it to form a special discipline "Dunhuang Studies".
Mogen cave is an art palace combined with ancient buildings, sculptures, and murals. It is especially known for its colorful murals. The abundant capacity and content of Dunhuang murals are comparable to any religious grottoes, temples or palaces in the world today. Looking around the caves and the top of the cave, Buddha statues, flying, hi music, fairy, etc. are painted everywhere. There are Buddhist scriptures paintings, sutra paintings, and Buddhist historical paintings, weird paintings and supported portraits, and various exquisite decorative patterns. The sculpture of Mogao Grottoes has been famous for a long time. There are 33 meters of sitting statue and a small bodhisattva of more than ten centimeters. Most of the caves are stored with statues, and there are a large number of large sculptures.
The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang was founded in 366 AD. During the 1,500 years of the Qing Dynasty, more than 480 caves were built on the upper wall of the long Mingsha Mountain in the three -way to the three kilalsis. It is full of colorful Buddha statues and murals based on Buddhist stories. The colorful Buddha statues have a total of more than 2,000 body, the largest one as high as 33 meters. The skills of murals are superb and amazing. If one party connects, it can be arranged into a gallery of more than fifty miles. In addition, in a closed stone room, a large number of ancient scriptures, documents, scrolls, etc. were found with high value.
about 25 kilometers from the urban area to Mogao Grottoes, and the car is driving for about 25 minutes. The Mogao Grottoes were called Qianfo Cave in the ancient times. This does not refer to a thousand Buddhas or one thousand caves. The language of Buddha refers to many Buddhas and caves. In my country, there are four major grottoes, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang in Henan, Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu, and Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. The first reason is that the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes was earlier, and there is a history of 1643 to date. The sculpture, the murals are very exquisite, the current color plastic is 2499, and the mural is 45,000 square meters. Some people say that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are both a large sculpture hall and a Buddhist art gallery. According to the inscriptions of Mogao Grottoes, in 366 AD, a monk named Lezun walked at the foot of the restaurant of Ming Sha. Seeing the golden light on the top of the mountain, it seemed that there were millions of Buddhas that flashed in the golden light, and it seemed that Xiangyin was dancing in the golden light. The optical response of minerals in the sun believes that this is the appearance of the Buddha light, which is the sacred place of the Buddha. So Lezun worshiped, determined to worship the Buddha here, and invited the craftsmen to excavate the first cave on the cliff. In the future, people have been built one after another. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Qin, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia, Yuan, Ming, Qing, more than a thousand caves have been excavated after more than a dozen centuries. Since then, the disciples of Buddhism, the nobles of the palace, and the people of Shang Jia, and the good men and women have come here to donate to the cave. In the long history of more than a thousand years to the 14th century, the worshipers are endless.
The architectural art
492 paintings and color plastic are stored in more than 500 caves. pagoda. The largest cave type is more than 40 meters high and 30 meters wide. From the center tower column -style cave type retained in the early grotto, it reflects the digestion and absorption of ancient artists while accepting foreign art, making it a national form of our country. Many of them are masterpieces of existing ancient buildings.
color plastic art
colorful plastic is the main body of Dunhuang art, including Buddha statues, bodhisattva statues, disciples, and heaven, King Kong, Lux, God and so on. Color plastic forms are rich in color, including round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic, good karma and so on. The maximum is 34.5 meters, and the minimum is only about 2 cm (the statue of the mud and wood and the stone). 17 Portrait plastic plastic in Hexi in the Tang Dynasty, and the statue with a rod with a rod, etc., combined the statue and murals, is one of the earliest realities in my country, with high historical and artistic value.
muk art
grotto murals are colorful and colorful, various Buddhist scriptures, mountains and rivers, pavilions and other architectural paintings, landscape paintings, flower patterns, flying sky Buddha statues, and various scenes produced by the working people at that time Wait, it is the artistic style and historical changes from the sixteenth nations to the Qing Dynasty for more than 1500 years. In a large number of mural art, it can also be found that on the basis of nationalization, ancient artists have absorbed the heads of ancient art in Iran, India, Greece and other countries, and are the symbol of the developed civilization of the Chinese nation. The murals of various dynasties show different painting styles, reflecting the political, economic and cultural conditions of the feudal society in my country. It is a glorious chapter in the history of ancient Chinese art, providing precious image historical materials for ancient Chinese history research.
It Dunhuang Art
26 years of Guangxu (1900 AD), found in the hidden room in the hidden room in the north wall of Cave 16 to store the scriptures, documents, woven embroidery and portraits from the three kingdoms, Wei and Jin dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty. Wait about 50,000 pieces. In addition to Chinese writing, the documents are written, Lu Teen, Luwen, Bonewen, Tubo, Sanskrit, Tibetan texts and other ethnic groups of various ethnic groups account for about one -sixth. The content of the documents includes the religious documents of the teachings of Buddhism, Dao, etc., literary works, contracts, account books, official document letters, etc. The discovery of Dunhuang art, in Chinese and foreign, has an extremely important research value for the remedies and collation of ancient Chinese literature. Mogao Grottoes is a large -scale grotto temple with fusion of painting, sculpture and architectural art. Its cave shapes are mainly Zen caves, central tower columns, temple caves, central Buddhist altar caves, four walls and three caves, large statue caves, nirvana caves, etc. The size of each cave is far from the size, the largest 268 square meter, the smallest cave 37 is high. There are original wooden temples outside the cave, and there are corridors and boardwalks.
Magon cave paintings are painted in the four walls, caves, and Buddhist altars of the cave. The content is extensive and profound. There are also many paintings that show all aspects of social life such as hunting, farming, textiles, transportation, war, war, construction, dance, marriage, and marriage. Some of these paintings are magnificent, and some are bright and magnificent, reflecting the artistic style and characteristics of different periods. Most of the paintings of the five generations of Chinese five generations have been lost. Mogao Grottoes murals provide important physical objects for the study of Chinese art history, and also provide a very valuable image and pattern for studying ancient Chinese customs. According to calculations, if these murals are arranged at 2 meters high, galleries can grow up to 25 kilometers.
The soil in the cliffs where Mogao Grottoes are relatively soft and are not suitable for stone carvings. Therefore, the statues of Mogao Grottoes except the four big Buddhas are stone tire clay sculptures, and the rest are wooden bone clay sculptures. The statues are Buddhist and Buddhas, and have a variety of combinations such as single statues and groups. The group statues are generally in the middle of the Buddha. The disciples and bodhisattvas are served on both sides. Color plastic forms include round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic, good karma and so on. These statues are exquisite and realistic, imaginative, highly accomplished, and combine with murals, complement each other.
It is a nine -layer covered eaves, also known as "Beida Portrait", which is in the middle of the cliff cave. Its wood structure is earth -red, the eaves are pecking, the outline is wrong, and the eaves are bells, and the wind sounds. In the meantime, the Maitreya Buddha statue, 35.6 meters high, was painted by stone tire clay sculptures. It is the third largest Buddha in China after Leshan Great Buddha and Rongxian Great Buddha. The lower part of the large Buddha's space is large and the upper part is small, and the plane is square. Two channels outside the building are available for watching the Great Buddha nearby, but also the source of light on the head and waist of the big Buddha. The cave eaves had existed before the first year of Tang Wende (888). At that time, it was 5 floors. The four years of the Northern Song Dynasty (966) and the Qing Dynasty were rebuilt and changed to 4 floors. Rebuild again in 1935 to form the current 9 -layer shape.
In the murals of Mogao Grottoes, the beautiful flying sky can be seen everywhere -the city sculpture of Dunhuang City is also the image of a flying fairy that rebounds the pipa. Feitian is the god who serves the Buddha and Emperor Shitian, and can sing and dance. Above the wall, Feitian danced in the boundless universe, and some held the lotus buds and rushed straight to the clouds; some dived from the air, and the pioneering meteor; Then follow the wind, leisurely. The painter's unique winding long line and stretching and harmonious interest are presented to people a beautiful and ethereal imagination world.
It color, flying lines, in these northwestern artists' warm and emotional depiction of the ideal kingdom of heaven, we seem to feel the inexhaustible passion for their ride on the desert wasteland. Perhaps this is exactly this kind of Passion, only the show of imagination in the mural!
ear plugs jewelry wholesale Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
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cheapest wholesale jewelry boxes Dunhuang Feitian is the business card of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang and the sign of Dunhuang art. Just see beautiful flying sky. People think of the art of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. Among the 492 caves in the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, almost the paintings were painted. According to Mr. Chang Shuhong in Dunhuang Feitian. The large -scale art album prefaces that "a total of more than 4,500 people." The number of them can be said to be the most preserved grottoes in the world and Chinese Buddhist grottoes. The name of the Dunhuang Feitian and the characteristics of the times are now as follows: 1. The name of Dunhuang Feitian will be transformed into pure land in Buddhism in Buddhism. The god celebrations of heaven are called "heaven", such as "Great Brahma", "merit sky", "good talent", "thirty -three days" and so on. Tang Zang's "Golden Guangming Jing Shu" Zhongyun: "Foreign calling gods is also the heavens." The god of heaven flying in the air in Buddhism is called flying. Feitian draws more in the murals of Buddhist caves. In Taoism, Taoism refers to the mythical figures of feathers as "immortals", such as "leading fairy", "sky immortal", "red -footed immortal", etc., and the gods who can fly in the air are called Feixian. Essence Song "Taiping Royal Lan" Volume 622 quoted "Tianxianpin" Zhongyun: "Flying clouds, deity and light, thinking that Tianxian, also clouds flying immortals." Yuhua ascension. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, it was integrated with Taoism in China. During the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, which was short long after Buddhism, the flying sky in the murals was also called Feixian, which was not distinguished by Feitian and Feixian. With the in -depth development of Buddhism in China, although Buddhist Feitian and Taoist Feixian blended with each other, but in terms of names, only the air flying gods in the murals of Buddhist caves into Feitian. Dunhuang Feitian is the flying god painted in the Dunhuang Grottoes, and later became a special term for Dunhuang mural art. Second, the characteristics of Dunhuang Feitian's era characteristics in Dunhuang murals. The creation of Huai Caves also appeared at the same time. Since the sixteenth kingdoms, after ten dynasties, it lasted more than a thousand years. Until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it died with the construction of the Dunhuang Grottoes. In the long history of these thousands of years, due to the change of dynasties, the transfer of the regime, the economic development and prosperity of the economy, and the frequent exchanges of Chinese and Western culture, the artistic image, attitude and artistic conception, style and interest of Feitian are all in Continuous changes, different times and different artists have left us with different styles of flying. Dunhuang Feitian for more than a thousand years has formed a distinctive evolutionary history
The flying sky in Buddhism was originally men, but after the Tang Dynasty introduced in China, the artists and craftsmen moved to Feitian's transgender surgery surgery. ——The men into women, at this time the Tang Dynasty Bodhisattva had begun to use eye shadow. Yesterday was the last day of CCTV's live Dunhuang archeology. Under the leadership of the host and experts of the Dunhuang Research Institute, several mysterious special caves that had never been opened to tourists in Dunhuang cave were shown in front of the audience. After being decrypted for the first time.
The 492 caves in the southern area of Dunhuang are special caves that have never been opened to tourists. The so -called special cave is the only one of the hundreds of the hundreds of caves in Dunhuang. It is also unique and unique to the country with special value. The host of CCTV Zhang Quanling and the Dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute Fan Jinshi first led the audience to enter the 57th Cave 57, which is known as the beauty cave. This is a Tang Dynasty cave. Dean Fan Jinshi introduced that the reason why it is called a beauty cave is because the murals in this cave depict many beautiful women. She pointed at the tall and slightly mottled murals of the one to tell everyone that a total of ten different bodhisattvas were painted on this mural, all of which were beautiful women. One of the largest bodhisattvas is slender and graceful, with round lines, smiling with a smile, a look at the eyes, and a splendid dress. Fan Jinshi said that this is the painting of the bodhisattva with painting the young girl, but it feels dignified but not charming. Many painters have copied this mural, but no one can show the expression of this bodhisattva.
The gold and silver jewelry such as the golden crown, collar, and bracelets on this bodhisattva is protruding the picture, just like wearing it later, and these jewelry is still bright. Fan Jinshi explained that this three -dimensional painting method of piles on the screen is extremely rare, and Dunhuang is also rare. Zhang Quanling also found that the painting method on the Bodhisattva face on this mural is a bit like a makeup of modern women. There is a colorful color on the upper eyelids like eye shadow, and the lips are painted with lipstick.
Fitchy is a relatively low -level god in Buddhism, and it is also a character image that often shows in Dunhuang murals. Among the hundreds of murals in Mogao Grottoes, there are more than 4,500 flying sky images, the largest flying sky is Cave 130, which is more than two meters long and the smallest is only five or six centimeters. These flying days were first painted in the Beiliang period. At that time, the image of Feitian was generally naked, stout, and bearded, and it was a man's image. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Feitian's figure began to lose weight; in the Tang Dynasty, the strong Chinese culture Finally, Feitian from India completely changed the image and turned men into women. At this time, Feitian appeared in the costume of the Tang Dynasty maids, showing the beauty of women in that era. The process of changing the image of Feitian is also the process of localization of Buddhism.
It Dunhuang murals include 552 caves in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Xiqian Buddha Cave, and Anxi Yulin Grottoes. There are more than 50,000 square meters of murals in the past. It is the most in the world's murals in my country. The content is very rich. Dunhuang murals are the main components of Dunhuang art, with huge scale and exquisite skills. The content of Dunhuang murals is colorful. Like other religious arts, it is a description of God's image, the activity of God, the relationship between God and God, and the relationship between God and man with the kind wishes of people to appease people's hearts. Therefore, the style of murals has a different characteristic from secular painting. However, any art stems from real life, and any art has its national tradition; therefore their forms are mostly based on common artistic language and expression skills, and have a common national style.
The national traditional mythical theme is in the cave in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, with the mythical themes with Taoism. At the top of the Western Wei Dynasty, except for the center of the center drawing lotus algae, the two -sided fool Wang Bawang Eight Section of Fang Shi opened the way. Suzaku, basalt, green dragon, and white tiger distribution. Fei Lian's wings and wind moved, Lei Gong's arm turned around, and the thunderstorm smashed the stone with iron diamonds.
The supporter portrait is the person who believes in Buddhism to build a grotto. In order to show the devotion to the Buddha, they left the name of the future. When opening the statue, they painted themselves with their portraits of their families, relatives, slaves, and others. These portraits are called portraits of supporters.
The decorative pattern and colorful decorative patterns are mainly used for grotto building decoration, as well as tables, crown clothes and utensil decoration. Decorative patterns vary from time to time, ever -changing, and have superb painting skills and rich imagination. The patterns are mainly algae patterns, 椽 图 patterns, and decorative patterns.
In order to attract the masses extensively and vigorously promote the Buddhist Dharma, the story of the Buddhist scriptures must be accepted to the masses in a popular and simple and image form of abstract and esoteric Buddhist classics to inspire them to worship them. As a result, a large number of story paintings were drawn in the cave, allowing the masses to be educated subtly during the process of watching. The story is rich in content, the plot is moving, the life is strong, and the attractive charm is. It can be divided into five categories.
The biography story: mainly preach the life of Shakyamuni. Many of them are the myths and folklore of ancient India. After several centuries of processing and modification, Buddhists are attached to Shakya. Generally, there are many scenes of "multiplied people's fetal tires" and "over the middle of the night". The Buddhist story of Cave 290 (Northern Zhou Dynasty) was tied for six rolled rolls, drawing in a sequential structure, a total of 87 pictures, depicting all the plots between Shakyamuni from birth to monks. Such a long -forming comic painting is rare in Chinese Buddhist stories.
This story painting: refers to the vivid story of depicting various good deeds that Shakyamuni during his lifetime, promoting "cause and effect" and "hard practice". It is also a widely popular theme in Dunhuang's early murals, such as "Saju's Body Feds Tiger", "Corpse King Cut the Meat and Save Pigeons", "Jiudi Deer Saves and Saves", "Sudu Timing Cut Meats" and so on. Although they have been marked on religion, they still maintain the true nature of myths, fairy tales, and folk stories.
This story painting: This is the story of Buddhist disciples, good men and women and Sakyamuni. The difference between the story of the life is: the story of the birth of the Shengshamuni during his lifetime; the cause of the Buddhist disciples, the good men and the woman's belief in the past life or this life. The main stories in the murals include "500 robbers into Buddhas", "Sami Shoujie Suicide", "Prince Prince Essence into the Sea" and so on. The content of the story is bizarre, the plot is twisted, and it is quite dramatic.
This Story of Buddhist Historical Traces: Refers to the story drawn according to historical records, including Buddhist traces, inductive stories, monks' deeds, Ruixiang maps, precepts, etc. Including historical figures and historical events, it is a Buddhist historical information. Most of these paintings are painted in the caves, the top of the martyrdom and the top of the corner. However, some are also painted on the front wall, such as "Zhang Jian's envoy of the Western Regions", "Buddha Tucheng" and "Liu San" in Cave 323.
Maponic story painting: This is the story listed by Buddhist teachings to Buddhist disciples, good men and women who can understand the disciples of Buddhist and men and women. Most of these stories are fables and fairy tales in ancient India and Southeast Asia. They have been collected and recorded in Buddhists in the Buddhist scriptures. The metaphorical stories in the Dunhuang murals include "Xianggu and Golden Elephant", "Golden Maosa Lion" and so on.
The landscape painting in the mountains of Dunhuang murals is covered with grottoes, with rich content and diverse forms. Most of them are integrated with transient paintings and story paintings to play a role of foil. Some are based on the landscapes in the Buddhist scriptures, referring to the realistic scenery and the superb imagination, depicting the beautiful and natural scenery of the "Bliss World" green mountains and green water, birds and flowers. picture".
The above -mentioned seven types of murals, except for decorative patterns, generally have plot murals, especially after painting and story paintings, which reflect a large number of real social life, such as: travel, banquet, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interrogation, interbail Traveling, shaving, ritual Buddha, etc.; Farming, hunting, fishing, pottery, iron smelting, slaughtering, cooking, construction, begging, etc.; Ethnic, foreign messenger and other social activities. Therefore, Dunhuang Grottoes are not only art, but also history.
The shape characteristics
Themark image (Buddha, Bodhisattva, etc.) in Dunhuang murals (Buddha, Bodhisattva, etc.) and the vulgar image (for the characters in the characters and the characters in the story. These two types of images are derived from real life) but There are different properties. In terms of shape. The vulgar image is full of life, and the characteristics of the times are also more vivid; while the image of the gods changes less, and the imagination and exaggeration are more. From the clothes of the clothes, most people are in the Central Plains Chinese, while the gods mostly maintain the exotic crown; they are also different, and the popular people mostly use the Central Plains halo method, and the gods are mostly bumps in the western region. All these are constantly changing with the time of the times.
One of the issues that are closely related to the shape are deformation. Dunhuang murals inherit the deformation of traditional painting, and cleverly shape a variety of characters, animals and plant images. Different times, different aesthetics, and different degrees and methods. Early deformation is large, more romantic ingredients, and the characteristics of the image are clear; after the Sui and Tang dynasties, the deformation is less, the three -dimensional sense is strong, and the realism is becoming increasingly strong.
The method of deformation is generally two: one is exaggeration and deformation. One is based on the original form of the character, that is, it is extended into a disaster. For example, the bodhisattva in the late Northern Wei Dynasty or during the Western Wei Dynasty greatly increased the length of the service, fingers and necks, and the bone was revealed. Bone rule ". Quan Gang Lishi is mostly exaggerated in horizontal, thickened limbs, shortened necks, his head is round belly, his eyebrows are eye -catching, emphasizing the health of your body and the power of the superpower. Both characters are exaggerated.
all tribes wholesale jewelry Dunhuang Caves, commonly known as Qianfo Cave, is known as the most valuable cultural discovery in the 20th century. The "Oriental Louvre" is located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor. It is famous for its exquisite murals and statues. It was built in the former Qin Dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms. After the construction of the 16th countries, the Northern Dynasties, the Sui, Tang, Fifth Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other generations, a huge scale was formed. There are 735 caves. Mud color plastic 2415 is the largest and most rich Buddhist art sacred place in the world. There are more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics found in the Tibetan Scripture Cave in modern times. From this, Dunhuang Studies, which derives the disciplines of Tibetan scriptures and Dunhuang art. In 1961, it was announced as one of the first national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, he was listed as a World Cultural Heritage.