serj shiklanian wholesale jewelry Guiqiu "History of Foreign Art Design" post -class exercise answer! Intersection ~ Urgent

Cathy

October 27, 2022 at 10:42 pm

wholesale jewelry supplies philadelphia British "Arts and Crafts" Movement
1. William Morris and its followers
(1) Background of Arts and Crafts Movement:
The contradiction: ugly, inferiority of mechanical products Decoration
(2) Origin of Arts and Crafts Movement: Design Movement in the second half of the 19th century. Characteristic, characterized by pursuit of natural patterns and Gothic styles, aims to improve product quality and revival the design tradition of handicrafts.
(3) The sponsor of the Arts and Crafts Movement -William Morris
The construction works: Red house built in 1859 new wedding houses. Designer Weber, Morris designed. As early as 1865, Jones claimed in the book "Decoration Sentence": "The beauty of form is in the lines of wavy undulating and intertwined." And Drase's theory and practice, especially his metal products, Design is simply a direct pioneer of new art.
(4) The characteristics of the style of arts and crafts:
A. Emphasize handicrafts and clearly oppose mechanized production.
B. In terms of decoration, Victorian style and other classical and traditional rejuvenation styles are opposed to pretending. Promote the characteristics of naturalism, oriental decoration and oriental art, and use a large number of curls, flowers, and birds as decorative motivations.
C. Promote the Gothic style and other medieval styles, and pay attention to simple, simple and good functions.
D. The sincerity of designing the design is to oppose the tendency of pets and false in design.
(5) Design principles:
A. Design popular: Product design and architectural design for tens of millions of people, not the movement of a few people.
B. Team collaboration: design work is collective activities, not individual labor.
2. The main achievements of arts and crafts
(1) Architecture and interior design. Building and interior design is the earliest field affected by the arts and crafts movement.
Green brothers -Genbao residence in Los Angeles
(2) Furniture design, furniture design is the area with the most influence of arts and crafts.
style: simple, simple, lightweight
represents: [British] Charles Waysis, in practice the substantial content of the arts and crafts movement -massized, popular n (3) Ceramic design , Design as furnishings and reward services, poor practicality, busy experimental new ceramic technology.
The feature: Start using natural organic forms such as plants.
representative: Rukerwood Ceramics Factory, Corman
(4) The perfect performance of the combination of metal technology and art.
The characteristics: strong sense of modernity, Gothic style, geometric shape, heavy shape production production, industrial production
representative: Charles Robert Abash's silverware, mostly slender, undulating lines r r r r r r r r

The new art movement
The new art movement: It was the decorative art movement that was developed and developed in Europe at the end of the 19th century at the end of the 19th century.
The potential motivation for the new art movement is the broken eclecticism and the breakdown of true naturalism. The New Art Movement advocates that today's art should be based on reality, abandon the old style elements, and create a new style with youthful vitality and modernity. At the same time, in terms of naturally, the teacher should be found to find the most profound source of natural creation, and discover the inherent process that determines the growth and development of plants and animals. The most typical patterns of new art are abstracted from natural grass and trees. The flowing form and winding lines are full of inner vitality, reflecting the endless creation contained in the surface of natural life. process.

The factors that promote the occurrence and development of the new art movement are many aspects,
are first of all social factors. Since the French war, Europe has obtained a long period of peace, political and economic stability. Many new and independent or unified countries have attached to the forest of the world and entered the international market that is fiercely competitive. This requires a new, non -traditional form of art.
The culture, the so -called "overall art" philosophical thought is very popular among artists. They are committed to all aspects of visual art, including painting, sculpture, architecture, graphic design and handicrafts. One.
The technology, designers have high enthusiasm for exploring new structural materials such as cast iron. For the artist itself, the new art reflects their dislikes of historicalism and a new style of the new style of the new century. The emergence of new art has gone through a long stage of brewing. Many well -known design historians believe that British culture has paved the way for the new art movement. Although due to various reasons, Britain itself is not a country that is mature.
The new art movement emphasizes the overall art environment, that is, any human factors in the human visual environment should be carefully designed to obtain a harmonious and consistent overall artistic effect.
The difference between the new art opposes the division and level differences in the field of art and design. It is believed that there is no big art and small art, nor the division of practical art and pure art. Artists should never be just committed to creating a single piece of "art", but should create a comprehensive art that provides appropriate environment for social life. On the issue of how to treat industry, the attitude of new art is a bit scattered. Fundamentally, new art does not oppose industrialization. The ideal of new art is to provide a modern and elegant elegance for the extensive public, so industrialization is inevitable. The central artist (Samuel Bing (1838-1905) of the new art believes that "the machine will play an important role in the development of the public." Factors, which are often difficult to do in batch production. In fact, due to the experimental and complexity of new art works, it is not suitable for machine production and can only be made by hand. Therefore, only a few rich consumers can patronize.
As early as 1865, Jones claimed in the book "Decoration Sentence": "The beauty of form is in the lines of waves and interweave." His metal product design is simply a direct pioneer of new art. However, the most impact on the development of new art is the British arts and crafts. Morris emphasizes the consistency and coordination of the decoration and structural factors. To this end, he abandoned the traditional decorative pattern that was passively attached to the existing structure, and strongly advocated the decoration of natural themes, creating a natural form and smooth line type. The process of refining the pattern and plant form. The designers of the new art pushed this process to extremes.

The ideas of arts and crafts are widely spread through various exhibitions and publications. Although the arts and crafts are anti -industrialization, in the European continent, the anti -industrial gesture is more mild, and finally transformed into mechanization in the process of pursuing the ideal of aesthetic society, which eventually led to a widely -centered design movement centered on new art. , And a climax between 1890 and 1910.
The style of new art sports is diverse. In different countries in Europe, they have different styles, and even their names are different.
"New Art" is French, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Italy, etc., and Germany is called "youth style" (). "(), Scandinavian countries are called" arts and crafts ".
If in terms of style characteristics, new art works in France, Belgium, and Spain are more inclined to artistic and emphasize formal aesthetics. The structure and function are beautiful.

Renault: Classic works, dragonfly women's chest jewelry, is the most typical new art period jewelry. The most primitive inspiration comes from nature. Driven by curiosity and curiosity, he incorporated himself into the world of thousands of worlds, worked hard to discover every subtle place, and explore all elements that can be used for decoration in nature.
Is female images, butterflies, moths, dragonflies ... René Lalique's jewelry works combine various strange main theme, reflecting his love for nature. Insects return to the theme of beauty, and even the horses, beetles and grassy salamanders can show the charm of freshness. René Lalique is indeed a magical magician. He is good at capturing exquisite and subtle details to embellish his beloved jewelry and explore how to shape ordinary materials into a masterpiece of spirituality.

The most representative characters in Belgium's new art movement are two, namely Victor Horata (1867-1947) and Henry Van de Velde (1863-1957). Holta is an architect. He likes to use grape vines in architecture and indoor design to wrap and spiral twisted lines. This kind of ups and downs lines have become the representative characteristics of Belgium's new art, known as "Belgium Line "or" whip line ".

. Another representative of French new art is Gimad (1867-1942). From the late 1990s to 1905, he was an important period for his design as an important member of the French New Art Movement. Gamid's most influential work is his design for the Paris subway. These designs give the new art's most famous drama- "Metro Style". The "subway style" is quite similar to "Belgian lines". The railings, lamps and columns of all subway entrances use the rolling rolled plant patterns. Gamid's coffee designed in 1908 is also a typical new artistic design work.

In addition to Paris, France's Nanxi City is also the center of a new art movement.
The new art movement in Nanxi was mainly promoted by designer Emile Galle (1846-1906).

Andonni Graudi (1852-1926) is the representative of the Spanish New Art Movement. He is a romantic architect. Its famous design works include the Saint Family Church and Mira Apartment.
The design of Gaudi has strong expressionism. The stalactite -style sculpture and decorative parts inside and outside the St. Family Church, as well as the colorful glass and stones posted on it, make it look like a mythical building. The balcony, the protruding part, uses the natural shape of the plants to form a unified whole with the building. It seems to be a perfect sculpture artwork. Because there is almost no straight line and plane, the furniture in the apartment has to be designed and produced.

Mila apartment
Barcelona, Spain, 1906-1910

Mira apartments are the "example" of residential buildings in Barcelona's urban expansion in the 19th century of. The house consists of two free -shaped patios. Under the patio is a underground parking lot for residents, which was an absolute innovation at the time!

The building of the main body structure is based on an iron pull -up system, which makes the free three -dimensional street facade possible. The construction of the brick and arched house on the parabolic surface is another special feature. Due to the different sizes of the arch, the roof becomes up and down. This roof is famous for many fantasy chimneys and ventilations.

The Cathedral of the Holy Family
Barcelona, Spain, 1883-1926

Gao Di has more than half of his life. Architecture has also become the most important reflection of his life as an architect. The basement and chorus show the style of Gothic rejuvenation, which constitutes the origin of the entire plan style.

The east facade that has been completed in Gaudi is famous for a fantasy form, which also makes the architect himself name.

The most amazing part of the church is the middle hall of the church. It has designed many different models for Gaudi, and it is not made until today. Here is a new form of language that is fully released from the decoration. The geometry of the bilateral geometry from Nature Middle School gives it a declaration of declaration. This form of language revealed from nature contains a rich symbol of *** supervision symbols. Express.

"Do you want to know where I found the sample? A tall tree, it supports the main trunk and supports the support, supports, and leaves the leaves. They created, and each independent part grew harmoniously and vigorously. "
In the era of functionalism, Gaudi's works have not been valued. After entering World War II, the rise of the" organic building "rise Only to make him a pioneer of this trend. The well -known contemporary architect, Kodbich, called him "the pioneer of postmodernism". From a certain perspective, he was well deserved.

Morkinsh (1868-1928) is an architect and designer of Glasgow, England. He was unique in the design of the late 19th century and had an important impact on the "separation" Secession of the Austrian design and reform movement in Vienna.

As early as 1865, Jones claimed in the book "Decorative Sentence": "The beauty of form is in the lines of waves and interweave." And Drase's theory and the theory and Practice, especially his metal product design, is simply a direct pioneer of new art. However, the most impact on the development of new art is the British arts and crafts. Morris emphasizes the consistency and coordination of the decoration and structural factors. To this end, he abandoned the traditional decorative pattern that was passively attached to the existing structure, and strongly advocated the decoration of natural themes, creating a natural form and smooth line type. The process of refining the pattern and plant form. The designers of the new art pushed this process to extremes.

The factors that promote the occurrence and development of the new art movement are many aspects.
is first of all society. Since the French war, Europe has obtained a long period of peace, political and economic stability. Many new and independent or unified countries have attached to the forest of the world and entered the international market that is fiercely competitive. This requires a new, non -traditional form of art.
The culture, the so -called "overall art" philosophical thought is very popular among artists. They are committed to all aspects of visual art, including painting, sculpture, architecture, graphic design and handicrafts. One.
The technology, designers have high enthusiasm for exploring new structural materials such as cast iron. For the artist itself, the new art reflects their dislikes of historicalism and a new style of the new style of the new century. The emergence of new art has gone through a long stage of brewing. Many well -known design historians believe that British culture has paved the way for the new art movement. Although due to various reasons, Britain itself is not a country that is mature.
The new art movement emphasizes the overall art environment, that is, any human factors in the human visual environment should be carefully designed to obtain a harmonious and consistent overall artistic effect.
The difference between the new art opposes the division and level differences in the field of art and design. It is believed that there is no big art and small art, nor the division of practical art and pure art. Artists should never be just committed to creating a single piece of "art", but should create a comprehensive art that provides appropriate environment for social life. On the issue of how to treat industry, the attitude of new art is a bit scattered. Fundamentally, new art does not oppose industrialization. The ideal of new art is to provide a modern and elegant elegance for the extensive public, so industrialization is inevitable. The central artist (Samuel Bing (1838-1905) of the new art believes that "the machine will play an important role in the development of the public." Factors, which are often difficult to do in batch production. In fact, due to the experimental and complexity of new art works, it is not suitable for machine production and can only be made by hand. Therefore, only a few rich consumers can patronize.

The design of the war
The two World War periods, the duration is relatively long, involving a wide range of nations and regions, and all industries have shifted to the military track. The design also shifts to the military enterprise accordingly.

The aircraft began to be applied during World War I, but it was more common in World War II and played a more important role.
The new deterrent power during World War II -Aircraft carrier (carrier -based aircraft)
The most lethal and the highest military technology in World War II was the successful and application of atomic bombs.

The results during World War I (1914--1918 )- "Tank Times"

Hemplem Maxim — Gegoret (666 rounds/second)
In 1914, the British Swenton proposed a crawler tank design plan, which was produced and put into actual combat by Foster and Lincoln in 1915.

The period of World War II (1939--1945)-"Age of the Plane"
The aircraft began to be applied in World War I, but it was more common in World War II, and it was more important. effect.
The new deterrent power during World War II -Aircraft carrier (carrier -based aircraft)
The design principles of light and efficient design during the war.
The famous designer -Raymond Rowe (United States)
Design products: lightweight tents, marching cookers, military kettles, steel helmets, engineering shovels, military uniforms and Parker are hooded military coats, canned food foods , Laundry powder, etc.
The post -war Japanese design
. Two characteristics of Japanese design:
one is: more ethnic, traditional, gentle, historical, based on the form of traditional Japanese aesthetics and religion model.
The second is: modern, developed, and international, relying on new models developed from European experience.

three stages of Japanese design development
1945-1952 is the recovery period of Japan-learn from American experience- "Industrial Design Institute Industrial Crafts Testing Institute", "Japanese Industrial Design Division Association "and" Design Association "
1953-1960 is the growth period -more attention to European design experience -a group of outstanding companies have put forward higher requirements for the company's design (Hitachi, Panasonic, Sharp, Sony, Canon, Ricoh, Fuji, Shiseido, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Honda, Toshiba, etc.)
The development period after 1961- "dual -track system"
Design and other systems study traditions, maintaining traditional styles.
The on the other hand: design in the field of high -tech design in accordance with the needs of modern economic development, such as cars, communications, electronic audiovisual equipment.
"Japanese style": Conscientious, small and exquisite, considering thoughtful everywhere

Modernist design -Design of the 1960s and 1970s
Background: Ten years after the war: Ten years after the war Economic and people's livelihood restores, and the economic prosperity and development of various countries. Post -war changes: The relative surplus of industrial products, and the product renewal is fast.
The new requirements for design:
(1) The expansion of material and wealth, the aesthetic requirements of consumers increase accordingly;
(2) adapt to new materials and new technologies, and the design performance is diversified.
The transformation of design concepts: Diversification
Background: The crisis of modernism is that it deviates from the characteristics of capitalism
The economic system encourages consumption and pursue new innovation. Modernist design: On the premise of batch sales, it emphasizes standardization and requires different types of behaviors and traditions to fixed unified models, depending on a huge and uniform international market. The guidance idea is to make the product suitable for anyone and Datong to overwhelm everything, but often things are contrary to their wishes, but not suitable for anyone.
The 1960s design: Society coexists at the same time as a variety of markets. The market reflects the requirements of different cultural groups. Each group has its own behavior, language, fashion and tradition. Consumption needs. Style: High -tech style

The development of science and technology and changes in the concepts of aesthetic concepts
Background: During the Cold War, the world powers conducted arms competitions
1. The rapid development of aerospace and computer technology "Cosmic style" prevail -silver gray aircraft modeling
2. The colorful plastic era of various new materials
3. The post -war economy recovery
Consumers' requirements for products are becoming increasingly diversified.
. Italian design of the world's leading world
Pangy: Our family and lifestyle is completely the same as our beautiful life ideals and fun.
design characteristics: in the coordination relationship between production and culture.
The characteristics of Italian design style:
(1) There are both modernist characteristics and Italian national characteristics and cultural connotations;
(2) existing high -tech of design, and preservation of considerable preservation The fine tradition of handicrafts;
(3) It has both highly rational colors and strong personality and humanity.
The low -cost plastic furniture, lamps and other consumer products show the new style with its lightweight, transparent and gorgeous colors, completely breaking the design characteristics reflected by the traditional materials and the absolute eternal value that is linked to it.

Buns of Haus
On April 1, 1919, the first new modern design education institution in Weimar, Germany, Bauhaus National Architecture, is referred to as Baohao Bauhaus, which was born by its founder and the first principal, Grores, from 1919 to 1933, it cultivated a whole generation of modern architecture and design talents, and also cultivated The modern architecture and craft design style of a whole era is called "the cradle of modern design".

This promotes free creation in the design, and opposes the imitation of the cause of the cause to keep the rules.
b. Combining handicrafts with machine production, advocating the characteristics of modern industry while mastering the handicraft.
C. Emphasizing basic training. From the plane composition of modern abstract painting and sculpture, basic courses such as three -dimensional composition and color composition have become one of the biggest contributions of Bauhaus to modern industrial design.
D. Actual hands -on ability and theoretical literacy.
E. Combining school education with social production practice.
In terms of design theory, Bauhaus put forward three basic views: ① New unity of art and technology. 2 The purpose of design is people, not products. ③ The design must follow the laws of nature and objective. These views have played a positive role in the development of modern industrial design, so that modern design has gradually moved from idealism to realism, that is, using rational and scientific thoughts to replace art's self -expression and romanticism.

The first stage (1919--1925) Weima period-Grupez as the principal- "unity of art and technology"-form combination of art education and handmade (1925--1932) During the Diso period-Hansye (28--30), Mis Van Dello (30--32) -The design and production teaching integration
-1933), during the Berlin period, there were 6 months and forced to close permanently.

The historical role and influence of Houhus
1. Bauhaus's modern design art thought
(importance to function, technology, economic factors)
(1) The unity of art and technology;
(2) The purpose of design is function, not products;
(3) Design must follow the laws of nature and objective.
2. The impact of Bauhaus on design education
(1) Bauhaus has established a set of design art teaching methods and teaching systems, recognizing "technical knowledge" to teach "The fact that can only be inspired. It laid the foundation for the establishment and development of the later industrial design science system.
(2) The design practice of Bauhaus really realized the unity of technology and art, forming a true principles of rationalism, and filling the gap between modern art and technology, handicraft industry and industry.
(3) Bauhaus design education creates German design style: highly rationalization and rigorous functionalization.

The "Pop" design of the United Kingdom
background: The younger generation of the post -war growth is tired of the monotonous and indifferent design of modernist style, longing for new consumer concepts and new cultural styles Appear. Emerging popular culture (soap opera, jazz, swing dance, video games) is catching up with traditional elegant culture. The color and decoration of art are therefore re -used

Pop art and design
Pop art: pursue the most popular form, color, and structure in daily life, form a popular, citizen, There is a symbolic style, pursuing the purpose of elegant and vulgar appreciation.
The feature: Popular, short -term, consumed, cheap, batch, young, witty, secretly stimulating
Design slogans: Art should not be elegant, art should be equivalent to the same as Life.
A artistic means: spelling, magnifying, combined, imitation n Pop design appeared in the 1950s, also known as popular art, popular art, and SNavidism, which represents popular and popular tastes. Its heyday was the 1960s, and the main activity center was in the United Kingdom and the United States. It represents the form of alienation and entertaining expressionism in the pursuit of industrial design in the 1960s. It reflects the social and cultural values of the younger generation of the younger generation after the war, trying to express themselves and pursue the psychology of the new innovation. The Pop style has different forms in different countries. For example, the US telephone company uses the most popular rice mouse image in the United States to design telephone machines. Italy's Pop design reflects the characteristics of soft sculpture. For example , Or make a big glove style.

Pop design: rebellious and orthodox pursuit of perfect, neat and elegant design, pursuing formal alienation and entertainment expressionist tendencies.
The product focuses on formal performance and pure surface decoration, not functional and reasonable concepts of modernism. Pop design emphasizes flexibility and consumption, that is, the life of the product should be short -lived to adapt to the changeable society and cultural conditions. The pursuit of popular, popular interest, opposes the extraordinary high of modernism. Emphasize the symbolic meaning of consumer products rather than its form and aesthetic quality.
design elements: the most common and most common industrial products or waste
The characteristics of Pop design: a variety of styles mixed.
(1) Design and creative themes are directly taken in the daily
Contal world that is fully commercialized, which is commercialism.
(2) The image of the design works is simple from daily life supplies.
(3) The design style basically accepts the direct effect of commercial art.

Postmodernism
is a kind of anti -culture, anti -aesthetic, and anti -literary tendency to become popular in the 1960s in the 1960s and 1980s. It is a movement aimed at the pure and pure methodology of modernism. It is widely reflected in the fields of literature, philosophy, criticism theory, architecture, and design. The so -called "postmodern" does not mean after the "modern" in time, but for the development of artistic style.
. Its essence is an intellectual anti -rationalism (political indifference, which shows the public's dissatisfaction with politics, helplessness, and even the active use of pragmatism.) and emotional happiness.
Memonalism is not a specific style, but a series of attempts to transcend modernism. In a certain situation, this means resurrection of the artistic style abandoned by modernism, and in another situation, it also means opposing the art of object or including yourself.

The industrial era: is characterized by large -scale production (and standardization) under specific space -time conditions.
Is in the industrial era (information age): is the age of computer. Although it is also a large -scale economy, it is no longer subject to time and space conditions as the industrial era. People can engage in production at any time, and products (not just information) can instantly complete the circulation global.

The postmodernism is not a specific style, but a series of attempts to transcend modernism. In a certain situation, this means resurrection of the artistic style abandoned by modernism, and in another situation, it also means opposing the art of object or including yourself.
If industrial era: It is characterized by large -scale production (and standardization) under specific space -time conditions.
Is in the industrial era (information age): is the age of computer. Although it is also a large -scale economy, it is no longer subject to time and space conditions as the industrial era. People can engage in production at any time, and products (not just information) can instantly complete the circulation global.

The deconstruction is a faction that emerged in the architectural design industry in the late 1980s.
The core of theory is the resentment of the structure itself. It is believed that the symbol itself can reflect the truth, and the research on individual individuals is more important than the overall structure. Liberalism not only denys the constituentism of one of the important part of modernism, but also denys the classical aesthetic principles (harmony, unity).
Example: In the 1980s, a mime that a Western artist came to China to perform in China, after playing a classic music with a violin, suddenly got up and fell the piano to the ground, and stepped on it fiercely. One foot, then quickly pasted a picture of a picture of a picture of the dangling fragments (a piano deconstructing and reorganization painting). It turns out that the perfect and harmonious piano style has no longer existed, and the fragments it leaves are reborn in another art form.

4 thoughts on “serj shiklanian wholesale jewelry Guiqiu "History of Foreign Art Design" post -class exercise answer! Intersection ~ Urgent”

Cathy
October 27, 2022 at 10:42 pm

wholesale jewelry supplies philadelphia British "Arts and Crafts" Movement
1. William Morris and its followers
(1) Background of Arts and Crafts Movement:
The contradiction: ugly, inferiority of mechanical products Decoration
(2) Origin of Arts and Crafts Movement: Design Movement in the second half of the 19th century. Characteristic, characterized by pursuit of natural patterns and Gothic styles, aims to improve product quality and revival the design tradition of handicrafts.
(3) The sponsor of the Arts and Crafts Movement -William Morris
The construction works: Red house built in 1859 new wedding houses. Designer Weber, Morris designed. As early as 1865, Jones claimed in the book "Decoration Sentence": "The beauty of form is in the lines of wavy undulating and intertwined." And Drase's theory and practice, especially his metal products, Design is simply a direct pioneer of new art.
(4) The characteristics of the style of arts and crafts:
A. Emphasize handicrafts and clearly oppose mechanized production.
B. In terms of decoration, Victorian style and other classical and traditional rejuvenation styles are opposed to pretending. Promote the characteristics of naturalism, oriental decoration and oriental art, and use a large number of curls, flowers, and birds as decorative motivations.
C. Promote the Gothic style and other medieval styles, and pay attention to simple, simple and good functions.
D. The sincerity of designing the design is to oppose the tendency of pets and false in design.
(5) Design principles:
A. Design popular: Product design and architectural design for tens of millions of people, not the movement of a few people.
B. Team collaboration: design work is collective activities, not individual labor.
2. The main achievements of arts and crafts
(1) Architecture and interior design. Building and interior design is the earliest field affected by the arts and crafts movement.
Green brothers -Genbao residence in Los Angeles
(2) Furniture design, furniture design is the area with the most influence of arts and crafts.
style: simple, simple, lightweight
represents: [British] Charles Waysis, in practice the substantial content of the arts and crafts movement -massized, popular n (3) Ceramic design , Design as furnishings and reward services, poor practicality, busy experimental new ceramic technology.
The feature: Start using natural organic forms such as plants.
representative: Rukerwood Ceramics Factory, Corman
(4) The perfect performance of the combination of metal technology and art.
The characteristics: strong sense of modernity, Gothic style, geometric shape, heavy shape production production, industrial production
representative: Charles Robert Abash's silverware, mostly slender, undulating lines r r r r r r r r

The new art movement
The new art movement: It was the decorative art movement that was developed and developed in Europe at the end of the 19th century at the end of the 19th century.
The potential motivation for the new art movement is the broken eclecticism and the breakdown of true naturalism. The New Art Movement advocates that today's art should be based on reality, abandon the old style elements, and create a new style with youthful vitality and modernity. At the same time, in terms of naturally, the teacher should be found to find the most profound source of natural creation, and discover the inherent process that determines the growth and development of plants and animals. The most typical patterns of new art are abstracted from natural grass and trees. The flowing form and winding lines are full of inner vitality, reflecting the endless creation contained in the surface of natural life. process.

The factors that promote the occurrence and development of the new art movement are many aspects,
are first of all social factors. Since the French war, Europe has obtained a long period of peace, political and economic stability. Many new and independent or unified countries have attached to the forest of the world and entered the international market that is fiercely competitive. This requires a new, non -traditional form of art.
The culture, the so -called "overall art" philosophical thought is very popular among artists. They are committed to all aspects of visual art, including painting, sculpture, architecture, graphic design and handicrafts. One.
The technology, designers have high enthusiasm for exploring new structural materials such as cast iron. For the artist itself, the new art reflects their dislikes of historicalism and a new style of the new style of the new century. The emergence of new art has gone through a long stage of brewing. Many well -known design historians believe that British culture has paved the way for the new art movement. Although due to various reasons, Britain itself is not a country that is mature.
The new art movement emphasizes the overall art environment, that is, any human factors in the human visual environment should be carefully designed to obtain a harmonious and consistent overall artistic effect.
The difference between the new art opposes the division and level differences in the field of art and design. It is believed that there is no big art and small art, nor the division of practical art and pure art. Artists should never be just committed to creating a single piece of "art", but should create a comprehensive art that provides appropriate environment for social life. On the issue of how to treat industry, the attitude of new art is a bit scattered. Fundamentally, new art does not oppose industrialization. The ideal of new art is to provide a modern and elegant elegance for the extensive public, so industrialization is inevitable. The central artist (Samuel Bing (1838-1905) of the new art believes that "the machine will play an important role in the development of the public." Factors, which are often difficult to do in batch production. In fact, due to the experimental and complexity of new art works, it is not suitable for machine production and can only be made by hand. Therefore, only a few rich consumers can patronize.
As early as 1865, Jones claimed in the book "Decoration Sentence": "The beauty of form is in the lines of waves and interweave." His metal product design is simply a direct pioneer of new art. However, the most impact on the development of new art is the British arts and crafts. Morris emphasizes the consistency and coordination of the decoration and structural factors. To this end, he abandoned the traditional decorative pattern that was passively attached to the existing structure, and strongly advocated the decoration of natural themes, creating a natural form and smooth line type. The process of refining the pattern and plant form. The designers of the new art pushed this process to extremes.

The ideas of arts and crafts are widely spread through various exhibitions and publications. Although the arts and crafts are anti -industrialization, in the European continent, the anti -industrial gesture is more mild, and finally transformed into mechanization in the process of pursuing the ideal of aesthetic society, which eventually led to a widely -centered design movement centered on new art. , And a climax between 1890 and 1910.
The style of new art sports is diverse. In different countries in Europe, they have different styles, and even their names are different.
"New Art" is French, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Italy, etc., and Germany is called "youth style" (). "(), Scandinavian countries are called" arts and crafts ".
If in terms of style characteristics, new art works in France, Belgium, and Spain are more inclined to artistic and emphasize formal aesthetics. The structure and function are beautiful.

Renault: Classic works, dragonfly women's chest jewelry, is the most typical new art period jewelry. The most primitive inspiration comes from nature. Driven by curiosity and curiosity, he incorporated himself into the world of thousands of worlds, worked hard to discover every subtle place, and explore all elements that can be used for decoration in nature.
Is female images, butterflies, moths, dragonflies ... René Lalique's jewelry works combine various strange main theme, reflecting his love for nature. Insects return to the theme of beauty, and even the horses, beetles and grassy salamanders can show the charm of freshness. René Lalique is indeed a magical magician. He is good at capturing exquisite and subtle details to embellish his beloved jewelry and explore how to shape ordinary materials into a masterpiece of spirituality.

The most representative characters in Belgium's new art movement are two, namely Victor Horata (1867-1947) and Henry Van de Velde (1863-1957). Holta is an architect. He likes to use grape vines in architecture and indoor design to wrap and spiral twisted lines. This kind of ups and downs lines have become the representative characteristics of Belgium's new art, known as "Belgium Line "or" whip line ".

. Another representative of French new art is Gimad (1867-1942). From the late 1990s to 1905, he was an important period for his design as an important member of the French New Art Movement. Gamid's most influential work is his design for the Paris subway. These designs give the new art's most famous drama- "Metro Style". The "subway style" is quite similar to "Belgian lines". The railings, lamps and columns of all subway entrances use the rolling rolled plant patterns. Gamid's coffee designed in 1908 is also a typical new artistic design work.

In addition to Paris, France's Nanxi City is also the center of a new art movement.
The new art movement in Nanxi was mainly promoted by designer Emile Galle (1846-1906).

Andonni Graudi (1852-1926) is the representative of the Spanish New Art Movement. He is a romantic architect. Its famous design works include the Saint Family Church and Mira Apartment.
The design of Gaudi has strong expressionism. The stalactite -style sculpture and decorative parts inside and outside the St. Family Church, as well as the colorful glass and stones posted on it, make it look like a mythical building. The balcony, the protruding part, uses the natural shape of the plants to form a unified whole with the building. It seems to be a perfect sculpture artwork. Because there is almost no straight line and plane, the furniture in the apartment has to be designed and produced.

Mila apartment
Barcelona, Spain, 1906-1910

Mira apartments are the "example" of residential buildings in Barcelona's urban expansion in the 19th century of. The house consists of two free -shaped patios. Under the patio is a underground parking lot for residents, which was an absolute innovation at the time!

The building of the main body structure is based on an iron pull -up system, which makes the free three -dimensional street facade possible. The construction of the brick and arched house on the parabolic surface is another special feature. Due to the different sizes of the arch, the roof becomes up and down. This roof is famous for many fantasy chimneys and ventilations.

The Cathedral of the Holy Family
Barcelona, Spain, 1883-1926

Gao Di has more than half of his life. Architecture has also become the most important reflection of his life as an architect. The basement and chorus show the style of Gothic rejuvenation, which constitutes the origin of the entire plan style.

The east facade that has been completed in Gaudi is famous for a fantasy form, which also makes the architect himself name.

The most amazing part of the church is the middle hall of the church. It has designed many different models for Gaudi, and it is not made until today. Here is a new form of language that is fully released from the decoration. The geometry of the bilateral geometry from Nature Middle School gives it a declaration of declaration. This form of language revealed from nature contains a rich symbol of *** supervision symbols. Express.

"Do you want to know where I found the sample? A tall tree, it supports the main trunk and supports the support, supports, and leaves the leaves. They created, and each independent part grew harmoniously and vigorously. "
In the era of functionalism, Gaudi's works have not been valued. After entering World War II, the rise of the" organic building "rise Only to make him a pioneer of this trend. The well -known contemporary architect, Kodbich, called him "the pioneer of postmodernism". From a certain perspective, he was well deserved.

Morkinsh (1868-1928) is an architect and designer of Glasgow, England. He was unique in the design of the late 19th century and had an important impact on the "separation" Secession of the Austrian design and reform movement in Vienna.

As early as 1865, Jones claimed in the book "Decorative Sentence": "The beauty of form is in the lines of waves and interweave." And Drase's theory and the theory and Practice, especially his metal product design, is simply a direct pioneer of new art. However, the most impact on the development of new art is the British arts and crafts. Morris emphasizes the consistency and coordination of the decoration and structural factors. To this end, he abandoned the traditional decorative pattern that was passively attached to the existing structure, and strongly advocated the decoration of natural themes, creating a natural form and smooth line type. The process of refining the pattern and plant form. The designers of the new art pushed this process to extremes.

The factors that promote the occurrence and development of the new art movement are many aspects.
is first of all society. Since the French war, Europe has obtained a long period of peace, political and economic stability. Many new and independent or unified countries have attached to the forest of the world and entered the international market that is fiercely competitive. This requires a new, non -traditional form of art.
The culture, the so -called "overall art" philosophical thought is very popular among artists. They are committed to all aspects of visual art, including painting, sculpture, architecture, graphic design and handicrafts. One.
The technology, designers have high enthusiasm for exploring new structural materials such as cast iron. For the artist itself, the new art reflects their dislikes of historicalism and a new style of the new style of the new century. The emergence of new art has gone through a long stage of brewing. Many well -known design historians believe that British culture has paved the way for the new art movement. Although due to various reasons, Britain itself is not a country that is mature.
The new art movement emphasizes the overall art environment, that is, any human factors in the human visual environment should be carefully designed to obtain a harmonious and consistent overall artistic effect.
The difference between the new art opposes the division and level differences in the field of art and design. It is believed that there is no big art and small art, nor the division of practical art and pure art. Artists should never be just committed to creating a single piece of "art", but should create a comprehensive art that provides appropriate environment for social life. On the issue of how to treat industry, the attitude of new art is a bit scattered. Fundamentally, new art does not oppose industrialization. The ideal of new art is to provide a modern and elegant elegance for the extensive public, so industrialization is inevitable. The central artist (Samuel Bing (1838-1905) of the new art believes that "the machine will play an important role in the development of the public." Factors, which are often difficult to do in batch production. In fact, due to the experimental and complexity of new art works, it is not suitable for machine production and can only be made by hand. Therefore, only a few rich consumers can patronize.

The design of the war
The two World War periods, the duration is relatively long, involving a wide range of nations and regions, and all industries have shifted to the military track. The design also shifts to the military enterprise accordingly.

The aircraft began to be applied during World War I, but it was more common in World War II and played a more important role.
The new deterrent power during World War II -Aircraft carrier (carrier -based aircraft)
The most lethal and the highest military technology in World War II was the successful and application of atomic bombs.

The results during World War I (1914--1918 )- "Tank Times"

Hemplem Maxim — Gegoret (666 rounds/second)
In 1914, the British Swenton proposed a crawler tank design plan, which was produced and put into actual combat by Foster and Lincoln in 1915.

The period of World War II (1939--1945)-"Age of the Plane"
The aircraft began to be applied in World War I, but it was more common in World War II, and it was more important. effect.
The new deterrent power during World War II -Aircraft carrier (carrier -based aircraft)
The design principles of light and efficient design during the war.
The famous designer -Raymond Rowe (United States)
Design products: lightweight tents, marching cookers, military kettles, steel helmets, engineering shovels, military uniforms and Parker are hooded military coats, canned food foods , Laundry powder, etc.
The post -war Japanese design
. Two characteristics of Japanese design:
one is: more ethnic, traditional, gentle, historical, based on the form of traditional Japanese aesthetics and religion model.
The second is: modern, developed, and international, relying on new models developed from European experience.

three stages of Japanese design development
1945-1952 is the recovery period of Japan-learn from American experience- "Industrial Design Institute Industrial Crafts Testing Institute", "Japanese Industrial Design Division Association "and" Design Association "
1953-1960 is the growth period -more attention to European design experience -a group of outstanding companies have put forward higher requirements for the company's design (Hitachi, Panasonic, Sharp, Sony, Canon, Ricoh, Fuji, Shiseido, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Honda, Toshiba, etc.)
The development period after 1961- "dual -track system"
Design and other systems study traditions, maintaining traditional styles.
The on the other hand: design in the field of high -tech design in accordance with the needs of modern economic development, such as cars, communications, electronic audiovisual equipment.
"Japanese style": Conscientious, small and exquisite, considering thoughtful everywhere

Modernist design -Design of the 1960s and 1970s
Background: Ten years after the war: Ten years after the war Economic and people's livelihood restores, and the economic prosperity and development of various countries. Post -war changes: The relative surplus of industrial products, and the product renewal is fast.
The new requirements for design:
(1) The expansion of material and wealth, the aesthetic requirements of consumers increase accordingly;
(2) adapt to new materials and new technologies, and the design performance is diversified.
The transformation of design concepts: Diversification
Background: The crisis of modernism is that it deviates from the characteristics of capitalism
The economic system encourages consumption and pursue new innovation. Modernist design: On the premise of batch sales, it emphasizes standardization and requires different types of behaviors and traditions to fixed unified models, depending on a huge and uniform international market. The guidance idea is to make the product suitable for anyone and Datong to overwhelm everything, but often things are contrary to their wishes, but not suitable for anyone.
The 1960s design: Society coexists at the same time as a variety of markets. The market reflects the requirements of different cultural groups. Each group has its own behavior, language, fashion and tradition. Consumption needs. Style: High -tech style

The development of science and technology and changes in the concepts of aesthetic concepts
Background: During the Cold War, the world powers conducted arms competitions
1. The rapid development of aerospace and computer technology "Cosmic style" prevail -silver gray aircraft modeling
2. The colorful plastic era of various new materials
3. The post -war economy recovery
Consumers' requirements for products are becoming increasingly diversified.
. Italian design of the world's leading world
Pangy: Our family and lifestyle is completely the same as our beautiful life ideals and fun.
design characteristics: in the coordination relationship between production and culture.
The characteristics of Italian design style:
(1) There are both modernist characteristics and Italian national characteristics and cultural connotations;
(2) existing high -tech of design, and preservation of considerable preservation The fine tradition of handicrafts;
(3) It has both highly rational colors and strong personality and humanity.
The low -cost plastic furniture, lamps and other consumer products show the new style with its lightweight, transparent and gorgeous colors, completely breaking the design characteristics reflected by the traditional materials and the absolute eternal value that is linked to it.

Buns of Haus
On April 1, 1919, the first new modern design education institution in Weimar, Germany, Bauhaus National Architecture, is referred to as Baohao Bauhaus, which was born by its founder and the first principal, Grores, from 1919 to 1933, it cultivated a whole generation of modern architecture and design talents, and also cultivated The modern architecture and craft design style of a whole era is called "the cradle of modern design".

This promotes free creation in the design, and opposes the imitation of the cause of the cause to keep the rules.
b. Combining handicrafts with machine production, advocating the characteristics of modern industry while mastering the handicraft.
C. Emphasizing basic training. From the plane composition of modern abstract painting and sculpture, basic courses such as three -dimensional composition and color composition have become one of the biggest contributions of Bauhaus to modern industrial design.
D. Actual hands -on ability and theoretical literacy.
E. Combining school education with social production practice.
In terms of design theory, Bauhaus put forward three basic views: ① New unity of art and technology. 2 The purpose of design is people, not products. ③ The design must follow the laws of nature and objective. These views have played a positive role in the development of modern industrial design, so that modern design has gradually moved from idealism to realism, that is, using rational and scientific thoughts to replace art's self -expression and romanticism.

The first stage (1919--1925) Weima period-Grupez as the principal- "unity of art and technology"-form combination of art education and handmade (1925--1932) During the Diso period-Hansye (28--30), Mis Van Dello (30--32) -The design and production teaching integration
-1933), during the Berlin period, there were 6 months and forced to close permanently.

The historical role and influence of Houhus
1. Bauhaus's modern design art thought
(importance to function, technology, economic factors)
(1) The unity of art and technology;
(2) The purpose of design is function, not products;
(3) Design must follow the laws of nature and objective.
2. The impact of Bauhaus on design education
(1) Bauhaus has established a set of design art teaching methods and teaching systems, recognizing "technical knowledge" to teach "The fact that can only be inspired. It laid the foundation for the establishment and development of the later industrial design science system.
(2) The design practice of Bauhaus really realized the unity of technology and art, forming a true principles of rationalism, and filling the gap between modern art and technology, handicraft industry and industry.
(3) Bauhaus design education creates German design style: highly rationalization and rigorous functionalization.

The "Pop" design of the United Kingdom
background: The younger generation of the post -war growth is tired of the monotonous and indifferent design of modernist style, longing for new consumer concepts and new cultural styles Appear. Emerging popular culture (soap opera, jazz, swing dance, video games) is catching up with traditional elegant culture. The color and decoration of art are therefore re -used

Pop art and design
Pop art: pursue the most popular form, color, and structure in daily life, form a popular, citizen, There is a symbolic style, pursuing the purpose of elegant and vulgar appreciation.
The feature: Popular, short -term, consumed, cheap, batch, young, witty, secretly stimulating
Design slogans: Art should not be elegant, art should be equivalent to the same as Life.
A artistic means: spelling, magnifying, combined, imitation n Pop design appeared in the 1950s, also known as popular art, popular art, and SNavidism, which represents popular and popular tastes. Its heyday was the 1960s, and the main activity center was in the United Kingdom and the United States. It represents the form of alienation and entertaining expressionism in the pursuit of industrial design in the 1960s. It reflects the social and cultural values of the younger generation of the younger generation after the war, trying to express themselves and pursue the psychology of the new innovation. The Pop style has different forms in different countries. For example, the US telephone company uses the most popular rice mouse image in the United States to design telephone machines. Italy's Pop design reflects the characteristics of soft sculpture. For example , Or make a big glove style.

Pop design: rebellious and orthodox pursuit of perfect, neat and elegant design, pursuing formal alienation and entertainment expressionist tendencies.
The product focuses on formal performance and pure surface decoration, not functional and reasonable concepts of modernism. Pop design emphasizes flexibility and consumption, that is, the life of the product should be short -lived to adapt to the changeable society and cultural conditions. The pursuit of popular, popular interest, opposes the extraordinary high of modernism. Emphasize the symbolic meaning of consumer products rather than its form and aesthetic quality.
design elements: the most common and most common industrial products or waste
The characteristics of Pop design: a variety of styles mixed.
(1) Design and creative themes are directly taken in the daily
Contal world that is fully commercialized, which is commercialism.
(2) The image of the design works is simple from daily life supplies.
(3) The design style basically accepts the direct effect of commercial art.

Postmodernism
is a kind of anti -culture, anti -aesthetic, and anti -literary tendency to become popular in the 1960s in the 1960s and 1980s. It is a movement aimed at the pure and pure methodology of modernism. It is widely reflected in the fields of literature, philosophy, criticism theory, architecture, and design. The so -called "postmodern" does not mean after the "modern" in time, but for the development of artistic style.
. Its essence is an intellectual anti -rationalism (political indifference, which shows the public's dissatisfaction with politics, helplessness, and even the active use of pragmatism.) and emotional happiness.
Memonalism is not a specific style, but a series of attempts to transcend modernism. In a certain situation, this means resurrection of the artistic style abandoned by modernism, and in another situation, it also means opposing the art of object or including yourself.

The industrial era: is characterized by large -scale production (and standardization) under specific space -time conditions.
Is in the industrial era (information age): is the age of computer. Although it is also a large -scale economy, it is no longer subject to time and space conditions as the industrial era. People can engage in production at any time, and products (not just information) can instantly complete the circulation global.

The postmodernism is not a specific style, but a series of attempts to transcend modernism. In a certain situation, this means resurrection of the artistic style abandoned by modernism, and in another situation, it also means opposing the art of object or including yourself.
If industrial era: It is characterized by large -scale production (and standardization) under specific space -time conditions.
Is in the industrial era (information age): is the age of computer. Although it is also a large -scale economy, it is no longer subject to time and space conditions as the industrial era. People can engage in production at any time, and products (not just information) can instantly complete the circulation global.

The deconstruction is a faction that emerged in the architectural design industry in the late 1980s.
The core of theory is the resentment of the structure itself. It is believed that the symbol itself can reflect the truth, and the research on individual individuals is more important than the overall structure. Liberalism not only denys the constituentism of one of the important part of modernism, but also denys the classical aesthetic principles (harmony, unity).
Example: In the 1980s, a mime that a Western artist came to China to perform in China, after playing a classic music with a violin, suddenly got up and fell the piano to the ground, and stepped on it fiercely. One foot, then quickly pasted a picture of a picture of a picture of the dangling fragments (a piano deconstructing and reorganization painting). It turns out that the perfect and harmonious piano style has no longer existed, and the fragments it leaves are reborn in another art form.

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